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Friday, May 31, 2019

The Incas :: Pre-Columbian History Culture

The IncasThe Inca were South American Indian people who ruled wholeness of the largest and richest empires in the Americas. The Inca Empire began to expand about 1438 and occupied a vast region that centered on the capital, Cusco, in southern Peru. The Empire extended more than than 2,500 miles (4,020 kilometers) along the western coast of South America. It included parts of Present - Day Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Chile, and Argentina. The Inca Empire was conquered by Spanish Forces soon after their arrival in 1532. Inca emperors ruled their far - reaching territory through a complex political system. The Inca took over many areas by military force. Their political system unploughed a balance between the central authority of the emperor and local rulers. The name Inca was originally the title of the emperor. The peoples he governed had many names. But after the Spanish conquest, all people under the emperors rule were called the Inca. Inca is a group name which covers a la rge numbers of tribes. The original Incas were Quechua speakers who lived in South - Eastern Peruvian highlands. Tribes later conquered by the Incas tended to assimulate Inca culture, to the exclusion of their own. In the 15century, led by Pachacuti Inca Yupaqui and his son Topa Inca, the Inca Empire exploded over the Andes. Both leaders claimed to be descendents of the sun, the most consequential symbol in Inca religious life. When Topa Inca died in 1493 Pachacutis Andean domain ran nearly 2,500 miles from North Ecuador into Chile and covered some 350,000 square miles. The Incas are famous for their mixed gold work and elaborate weaving. For subsistence they relied on terraced and irrigated cultivation, and very little on hunting and fishing. In the mountain areas the main crop was quinoa, and in lower areas maize, beans, peanuts, and squash. They unbroken llamas, alpacas, dogs, guinea pigs, and dogs. Men worked copper and gold and women made fabrics and pots. Inca towns had mas sive public buildings. Most of their technological achievements were grand - scale copies of ideas from earlier civilizations. The skilful farmers who preceded the Inca, harnessing the melting snows of the Andes, turn over irrigation ditches across the desert they also deflected rivers for the same purpose. Nothing which the Minoans, Egyptians, and Sumerians did, agriculturally, equalled this achievement. They also demesticated animals. From the Native American camal the guanaco, they bred the llama and the alpaca for their wool, and guinea - pigs for food.

Thursday, May 30, 2019

Parthenon as a Paragon Essay -- History, Ancient Greece

In the time of Ancient Greece, the Parthenon was the epitome of all Greek temples, possessing desired traits from hut-like temples, the tabernacle of Zeus at Olympia, and other temples. All the mainstay styles were established in 6th ampere-second BCE, but the styles were named afterwards (Spawforth 62). The chief column styles of Greek temple building were Doric and Ionic, and they were named in the 5th century BCE (Spawforth 62). The Corinthian column style was named in the 4th century BCE (Spawforth 62). Doric columns from the 4th century BCE are skinnier than the 6th century BCE columns (Spawforth 62). The Aeolic column, related to the Ionic column, was true by the Aeolian Greeks (Spawforth 62). The Ionic and Aeolic columns has scrolls at the top, but only the Aeolic columns scrolls spring outwards in a vertical direction, making it peculiar from the Ionic column (Spawforth 62). The Doric columns were created by the Dorians the Ionic columns were created by the Ionians (Jenki ns 15, 17). Each column consists of a column, base, shaft, capital, and entablature. The entablature consists of the architrave, frieze, and cornice (Summerson). The Romans used columns as ornaments, but the Greeks used the columns for geomorphological stability (Summerson). The Parthenon was a Doric temple (Spawforth 64). The Parthenon was the centerpiece of acropolis renewal (Jenkins 76). The marble is from Mount Pendelikon (Jenkins 76). The Parthenon is a culmination of long tradition (Jenkins 28). The Parthenon is the Romantic Symbol of a cultural age it is viewed with great fondness and nostalgia in the Western civilizations cultural memory (Nardo 12). The Parthenon is not at ground level it stands on a three step stylobate (Corbett). In the 6th century, the ... ...olis). The reconstruction of the faade of the Temple of Apollo at Thermon, due to the unpleasant front side of the temple, ended in 500BCE (Nardo 19). Stone replaced the Temple at Thermons wooden entablature and c olumns in the 600s to keep it from weakening further (Nardo 19). If this issue had left untended, it would have led to the place of worships ultimate collapse. The Temple of Apollo at Thermon was one of the few temples of its time on Ancient Greece that was solid enough to uphold a tiled crown (Nardo 19). The tiled roof would not have been supportable, had the faade, entablature, and columns not been replaced. The Temple of Apollo at Thermon was a Doric temple (Guido). The Temple of Zeus at Olympia contributed to the timelessness of the Parthenon, as it was the mental testing for it. The hut-like temples were the first known forms of temples. Make it better

Wednesday, May 29, 2019

Letter To The Author Of I, Rigoberta Menchu :: essays research papers

Dear Rigoberta MenchuI have recently read your autobiography I, Rigoberta Menchu, in which your portrayed as an oppressed yet ultimately swaggering victim of classism, racism, colonialism, and of course sexism. In your book you talk about your family, a Quiche Indian family, which was very poor. The small plot of land that the family owned did not piss enough to feed everyone. Life on a plantation was harsh.People lived in crowded sheds with no clean water or toilets. Your people, the native Indians in Guatemala had no rights of citizenship. You were restricted to people of Spanish descent and were, therefore, vulnerable to abuses by those in power."We are living in a troubled world, in a conviction of great uncertainty. Its a time to reflect about some(prenominal) things, especially about humankind as a whole, and the balance between collective and single(a) values". This is something you have mentioned and something that I completely agree with. Indigenous people are among the most victims of terrible incomprehensible repression and violation of the law in many parts of the world.The atrocities that you wrote about in your book are both compelling and heartbreaking. Though, I have not limited myself there, I have investigated further your account statement. I searched the Internet several times about your book, story, and life what I found amazed me. I read articles stating that your book I, Rigoberta Menchu is falsely chronicled. "A recounted in your autobiography, the story of Rigoberta Menchu is the stuff of classic Marxist myth. According to your book you came from a poor Mayan family, living on margins of a country from which had been dispossessed by Spanish conquistadors. Their descendents, cognize as Ladinos, try to drive the Menchus and other Indian peasants off claimed land that they had cultivated. As said in your book, you are illiterate and were kept from having an education by your peasant father, Vicente. He refuses to send y ou to school because he needs to work in the fields, and because he is afraid that the school will turn his daughter against him. From the articles I found on the Internet it has been proven that you went to a private institution, and that your family wasnt as poor as to the point of starvation.You make these linkages explicit "My personal experience is the realism of a whole people". It is a call to people of good will all over the world to help the noble but powerless indigenous peoples of Guatemala and other Third World countries to gain their rightful inheritance.

Student Financial Assistance Essay -- Argumentative Persuasive

Student Financial AssistanceGeorge W. Bush said education is the great lifting mechanism of an democratic society. He means, education is the great equalizer amongst individuals in a society established on equality. Unfortunately, access to education is not always as equal, nor are we living in an egalitarian society. In 1965, congress passed legislation, namely the Higher Education Act of 1965, in order to diminish the distance between students and the naturalism of higher education. Despite their seemingly positive intentions, the office of Student Financial Assistance has evolved into a very unpopular entity of the executive branch. Applicants are continuously foreclose by the aid, or lack of aid, that they are awarded. I was once a critic of the system and believed that I was being cheated out of aid that was rightfully mine. In fact, this is the point of view that I intended to reinforcing stimulus, in this paper. However, once I began to gather secondary sources, I found that this point of view lacked sufficient support and was untrue. Thus, my opinion has been changed. My opinion has been changed not only by research, but also by changing my perspective of the entire situation from narrow to broad and from cross to all-inclusive. The widely believed argument that the government distributes student-aid in a biased manner or, rather that the governments policies for distributing the aid ultimately withhold aid from the mediate class, simply, does not hold water. However, since I once made this argument and believed it strongly, I am willing to entertain it. The controversy about student aid, on the prevalent level, begins when the Student Aid Report (SAR) is returned to the student and their family. This is whe... ...tem, I have questioned the amount of aid I received, and I have pointed a finger at the get down class. Now, as a result of this assignment, I have examined the system and how it functions and compared it with what i t was intended to accomplish. My conclusion is that it works. I examined the allocation of funds amongst the spectrum of incomes, and I believe its just. I have also, extensively examined the lower class, who I once pointed a finger at. My conclusion is, when this nation establishes equality in the areas of, employment, housing, primary education, health care, racial and heathen issues, etc., that is when we can talk about the small gap between each class in the amount of federal aid awarded to those classes. When the playing field has been leveled in all other variable subjects that is when the amount of aid should be congruent between all classes.

Tuesday, May 28, 2019

Glacier :: Nature Wildlife Geography Essays

GlacierThe glacial run off river was colder than ice, so cold it was like a torrent of broken glass against the skin. The water itself is bluish white, the color of check out milk. On the bank of the glacial river, a hundred dead and rotting fish come in scattered around like casualties of a recent battle. The corpses lay in every stage of decay, from fresh, as if just pulled from the water, to pure white skeletons stripped by scavengers. The stench is like an enormous natural gas leak. The river itself is so crowded with spawning silver salmon, that it resembles a giant can of sardines. The sunlight shining off their silver backs gleams like polished chrome. These amazing fish are smooth upstream against the current, jumping often with the power and agility of an Olympic gymnast. The terrain surrounding the river is frozen tundra. It has slimy green and brown muck on top collectable to the unusually warm summer, but dig down an inch and you will encounter ground as hard as concr ete. The vast tundra is in nippy contrast to the rolling hills farthermost in the distance. The retreating glacier literally cut its path through the landscape, voiding this stretch of land of everything but hard ground and opposite grass. Thousands of years of glacial movement had cut a distinct scar that could read history as well as any sedimentary rock. In the distance you could clearly see the boundaries of the ancient glacier. Hills suddenly appear out of the frozen wasteland. Tall evergreens jutting into the sky, look like giants, even at a distance, compared to the flatness of the tundra. Thick grey clouds hang ominously over head, as if further threatening any one who might dare this rugged country. The mountains far away have rings around them like halos, and one can see that they are emptying their heavy burden upon the green mountain slopes. When facial expression up the river, you can follow it west and trace it to its source. There, stands a magnificent mountain of ice, known as portage glacier. The glacier strongly resembles a real mountain, one that has endured a blizzard of phenomenal proportion. Instead of being a brown dirt slope with patches of white snow and ice, it is the opposite. A perfectly white slope scar with patches of brown. The end of the glacier, which is about as far away as the eye can see, is pressed against the ground, like an unstoppable force working against an unmovable object.

Glacier :: Nature Wildlife Geography Essays

GlacierThe glacial run off river was colder than ice, so cold it was like a torrent of broken glass against the skin. The water itself is depressed exsanguine, the color of skim milk. On the bank of the glacial river, a hundred dead and rotting lean lay scattered around like casualties of a recent battle. The corpses lay in every stage of decay, from fresh, as if just pulled from the water, to pure white skeletons stripped by scavengers. The stench is like an enormous native gas leak. The river itself is so crowded with spawning silver salmon, that it resembles a giant can of sardines. The sunlight shining off their silver backs gleams like polished chrome. These amazing fish are swimming upstream against the current, jumping often with the power and agility of an Olympic gymnast. The terrain surrounding the river is frozen tundra. It has slimy jet-propelled plane and brown muck on top due to the unusually warm summer, but dig down an inch and you will encounter ground as terri ble as concrete. The large tundra is in sharp contrast to the rolling hills far in the distance. The retreating glacier literally cut its path through the landscape, voiding this stretch of land of everything but hard ground and arctic grass. Thousands of years of glacial movement had cut a distinct scar that could read history as well as both sedimentary rock. In the distance you could clearly see the boundaries of the ancient glacier. Hills suddenly appear out of the frozen wasteland. Tall evergreens jutting into the sky, look like giants, nonetheless at a distance, compared to the flatness of the tundra. Thick grey clouds hang ominously over head, as if further threatening any one who might boldness this rugged country. The mountains far away have rings around them like halos, and one can see that they are emptying their heavy burden upon the green mountain slopes. When looking up the river, you can follow it west and trace it to its source. There, stands a magnificent mounta in of ice, known as portage glacier. The glacier strongly resembles a factual mountain, one that has endured a blizzard of phenomenal proportion. Instead of being a brown dirt slope with patches of white snow and ice, it is the opposite. A perfectly white slope pocked with patches of brown. The end of the glacier, which is about as far away as the eye can see, is pressed against the ground, like an unstoppable force working against an unmovable object.

Monday, May 27, 2019

Letter and memo

Dr. Leopold Bilgewaters, Vice-PresidentFrivolous AffairsHighline Community CollegeAddress Line 1 of Highline Community College hitherAddress Line 2 of Highline Community College hereSirI am writing to you with a suggestion and is hoping for a nice feedback.I am currently enrolled in a class, Writ 143, the course name of which is trigger to adept Writing. Indeed, the lessons that we are taught here are essential to my profession and are a must in the career path I want to take. In fact, it is of regular use and the principles we tempt from the classes are truly much in overlap with application of the same. The need to apply such writing principles is direct that a lack of information on such would be of great effect to a professional.I see the said course as a very important course that should be taken by every student who graduates and passes on the hands of Highline Community College. The subject matter of technical writing is a tool that enhances the skills that one acquires in the said institutions. It is a tool that can be apply from the very moment of job application to everyday lines that would be done in the workplace. It is used in communication in the workplace where very professional should be understood in a clear manner so as to keep down misunderstandings.In our college, the opportunity of being trained under the great minds and hands of those who are experts in the field of technical writing is blocked by a prerequisite it has, which is Writing one hundred one or Principles of Writing. When one steps in a college such as ours, it is understood that one has the necessary skills in writing, which is cover in Principles of Writing.This course is mean as a refresher course and should not be made mandatory to everyone before taking the subject of expert Writing. Unlike Writing 101, which has been devoted attention in lower levels of academic inquiry, Writing 143 is not included in the curriculums of previous school levels and would be a must in our college without any barriers to such. It would be best to simply administer a test that would determine who would have to go through Writing 101 before Writing 143 and those who would not have to take such.Sincerely,Complete Name hereTo Name of manager here, ManagerFrom Full name here, Lead Insurance SpecialistSubject Request for Reimbursement naming Please indicate name hereThis has reference to the course which I am taking now at Highline Community College, which is Writing 143. The complete course name of which is Introduction to Technical Writing. I would like to earnestly request for a reimbursement for the money well exhausted for the enrollment of this course.The CourseThe said course is completed online that provides me the get to gain intimacy and relevant skills while being able to perform the necessary tasks in our company. It has given me the chance to shoot two birds with one quarry and has even served as a tool that I can use for everyday communication insi de the workplace.The course instills in the students the necessary communication skills that should be used for conveying messages that contain technical information inside the workplace in both vertical and horizontal lines. Likewise, the students are taught how to become aware of the finicky needs of the different auditory sense groups. This would help in properly identifying the requirements of writing correspondence that can be easily understood by the audience to who it is intended for. The layout of such correspondence would also have to be considered by the students and the stringent requirements for such are taken into account.A holistic approach is placed on instructing the students to gain proficiency in technical writing.Importance to Everyday WorkIn my current position as a Lead Insurance Specialist, the task involving technical writing could not be avoided. I have to deal with writing letters, electronic mails, and memorandums that has placed me in a position that req uires much experience in technical writing. The subject matter could not be acquired in previous academic levels. Fortunately, the chance was given to me to take the necessary classes and be given the chance to acquire the skills to create proper written communication.The knowledge of creating a good communication with the aide of the said course, Writing 143 or Intro to Technical Writing is indispensible to this kind of work as we all know that communication between the employees and with the clients is essential. More likely than not, unclear lines of communication leads to negative effects on the businesses and does not create a good picture for those who are concerned. On the other hand, when communication is clearly written, it would create an atmosphere of professionalism and would give both the audience and the writer the chance to clearly understand and be understood.Earnest RequestIt is with much hope that I would like to request for a reimbursement of the amount spent amo unting to please place amount here. This is the cost of enrolling in the said class please add some more particulars for the cost as necessary. Please be assured that the knowledge I gain in this class will be used for the betterment of our organization.If, in any case, the total amount can not be shouldered by the organization, I will accept any amount that would keep both of us in an advantageous position. I would be very thankful of any amount that will be forwarded to me for this course that I am taking.Please advise me on the next steps that will be taken and I would appreciate any information and feedback that you will provide me regarRelated essay Co Curricular Activities Letter

Sunday, May 26, 2019

A Persistant Lichen Sclerosus Case Health And Social Care Essay

Lichen sclerosus is a lymphocyte-mediated chronic inflammatory dermatitis that most radiation diagramly involves the anogenital country. Treatment options include fieldal corticoids, tacrolismus, C dioxide optical maser cutting out and eventually vulvectomy as surgical attack. The aim of this survey is to describe a stubborn anogenital LS topic and depict the usage of V-Y promotion flap for the Reconstruction of the perineal defect after vulvectomy.Case A relentless LS lawsuit who was treated succesfully with surgery is reported and literature is reviewed. The affected role had good tolerated the surgical process with equal decorative consequences.DecisionA multidisciplinary squad work would be ideal in the direction of relentless LS instances. running(a) interpolation of LS should be reserved as a last resort for diligents who were furnace lining to other medical options and in the instance of a surgical effort recontruction of the vulva should be good known.Cardinal words Lichen sclerosus, Vulvectomy, vulvar Reconstruction..IntroductionLichen sclerosus ( LS ) is a benign, chronic tegument disease that most normally occures in the anogenital epithelial tissue ( 1 ) . It affects both gender and kids particularly adult females in postmenopausal ages. Although the exact aetiology is st naughtily unknown, on that point is a strong association between LS and autoimmune upsets such as alopecia areata, vitiligo, thyroid upsets and diabetes mellitus ( 2 ) . anyhow the autoimmune diseases in association with HLA category II antigens, hormonal factors, infective causes, and familial influence have besides been associated with LS ( 1 ) .Authoritative LS is characterized by articulate redness, epithelial cutting and typical cuticular alterations with an visual aspect of all right coffin nail paper -like pursing accompanied by symptoms of pruritus, dyspareunia and dysuria ( 3,4 ) . A huge figure of patients ( 33 % ) are symptomless but have the clinical mar ks of LS on physical scrutiny. The diagnosing of LS is based upon the presence of characteristic clinical manifestations, ideally with histological verification obtained from a vulvar clout biopsy. A h sexagenarian in the diagnosing may originate, due to the patients embarrassment and/or falter of the doctor to to the full measure the symptoms every bit good as strangeness with the disease ( 5 ) .The optimum direction of LS could be achieved with a multidisciplinary attack. Surgical intervention is preferred in the instance of a post-inflammatory sequelae, phimosis or in a malignant province. Although the presence of vulval scars or the features of the defect will shackle our surgical preferance there are many surgical options proposed for the perineal Reconstruction, including local musculus and fasciocutaneous tegument flaps ( 6,7,8 ) . We are depicting a persistant lichen induration instance who was treated surgically and recontructed with V-Y promotion vulvar flaps.Case stud yA 49 twelvemonth old Caucasian adult female married for 30 old ages G3, P2, A1 enduring from vulvadynia because of relentless vulvar LS for 16 old ages, admitted to our clinic. She has been having practice of medicine with carbamezepine for ungratified leg syndrome for six old ages. She had two cesarean subdivisions and lead lumbar phonograph record hernia operations in which an internal fixator was placed to the lumbar vertebras.She used to hold local cortisol, estrogen and testosterone therapies since she received her initial diagnosing. She has had vulvar intoxicant injection one time and vulvar betametasone, lidocain injections and phototherapy several times. Her history revealed a vulval denervation operation to the pudental nervus with the diagnosing of vulvadynia. Furthermore she had three times elementary vulvectomy and vulval Reconstruction operations. These intervention modes failed to relieve her symptoms, and sclerosing alterations of vulvar country which extends to posterior, affecting the perineum and anus.The singular findings in her pelvic scrutiny were the hyperkerotic lichen plaques spread to anus, vaginal orifis and periclitoral country ( puzzle out 1a ) . We observed the vaginal orifis as narrow shaped and labia majora minora were absent. Hyperkeratotic scars were noticable on her mons pubis due to her old surgical operations and lichen plaques. In her speculum scrutiny, vagina and neck were normal in form and uterus bilateral ovaries were normal by transvaginal ultrasound and no malignant cells were reported in her pablum smear trial. Histopathological diagnosing of the topic was confirmed with two antecedently performed consecutive vulvar biopsies that revealed characteristic cuticular wasting and cuticular hyalinisation ( homogenisation of the collagen in the upper corium ) .Our patient had relentless and worsening symptoms and we decided to execute simple vulvectomy and V-Y promotion flap for the Reconstruction of vulvar defe ct ( Figure 1a ) and obtained informed consent consequently. Briefly urinary catheterisation was needed to forestall urethral hurt and to fork over plenty wound hygiene after surgery. After vulvectomy ( Figure 1b ) , we performed V form scratchs bilaterally outfit to median part of the thigh without any complication ( Figure 1c ) . The scratchs were pro comprisely performed until the superficial genital facia to travel the flaps freely and punctilious hemostasia was done. The mobility of the cutaneal flaps are tested. Following the release of the flap, this extra block of hypodermic tissue is folded into the defect. The sidelong transverse defect which was formed when the island flap locomote medially is unappealing horizontally, therefore giving the concluding cicatrix a horizontal Y form. We aproximated the hypodermic tissue with 2/0 polyglactin 910 Ethicon, Edinburgh, UK . The tegument was closed by interrupted 3/0 polyglactin 910 Ethicon, Edinburgh, UK suturas ( Figur e 1d ) . We repaired the round defect above the vaginal orifis with free rotary motion flap. No drains were placed. Postoperative closing of vulvar defect was seen perfect in form. She was hospitalized for the undermentioned two yearss ( Figure 2a ) and uretral catheterisation was removed on her 2nd twenty-four hours. All the critical marks of the patient were usual without any wound infection or haematoma in the closing. In the early postoperative period, the mend of vulva was uneventful and completed after three hebdomads ( Figure 2b ) .DiscussionA assortment of names and descriptions have been used for the disease that is presently named lichen sclerosus. In 1887, Hallopeau was the first to depict the histological characteristics of the disease ( 9 ) . LS occurs at all ages but non in newborns and is rare in the first twelvemonth of life. The disease has a bimodal extremum incidence in prepubescent misss and menopausal adult females. In a survey the prevalence of lichen sclerosu s in childhood was found to be 1900. The bulk of patients consists of adult females aged between 50-70 old ages, while 5-15 % of the LS topics were kids.Lifelong surveillance of all adult females with LS is considered indispensable because of the hazard of malignant patterned advance, ( 10 ) . Although adult females with vulval LS are at change magnitude hazard of developing invasive squamous cell malignant neoplastic disease ( SCC ) of the vulva ( 4 ) , the estimated hazard is to be less than 5 % ( 11 ) . No case exists that regular check-ups cut down the hazard of malignant patterned advance. Nevertheless, patients with vulval LS should be examined at least annually and localized, relentless, nonresolving lesions should be biopsied ( 4 ) . In crease to vulvar LS extragenital LS lesions are non associated with an increased hazard of malignance ( 9,12 ) .There is non a universally recognized direction scheme for adult females with LS. It normally provides diagnostic alleviation, without necessarily rectifying the implicit in upset. The intervention of LS consists of instruction and support, behavioural alteration to keep good perineal hygiene and turning away of any local thorns, medicine and surgery. Assorted conservative curative options such as, topical testosterone, topical Lipo-Lutin, topical corticoids, estrogens, retinoic acid, retinoids, vitamin A, chloroquine and a short class of systemic corticoids are wholly accepted as intervention options ( 13 ) .All published studies on the direction of LS indicate centrist to strong topical steroids as the intervention option of pick ( 12,14,15 ) . pocket-sized to chair authority topical corticoids are besides normally used for intervention of grownup vulvar LS ( 3 ) . Recently, ace potent topical steroids were found to be an effectual intervention for this job with both short- ( 16 ) and long-run ( 17 ) efficaciousness. Topical steroid therapy is non without complications, including the possibility of was ting, contact sensitisation, tegument alterations, and substitute infection.Although there are no good studied therapies in adult females who failed to react to corticoids, Lipo-Lutin, testosterone, retinoids, topical immune system modulating agents ( tacrolismus, pimecrolimus ) and cyclosporine has been used in some randomised tests ( 4 ) . Small randomized tests showed that Lipo-Lutin and testosterone picks are less effectual than corticoids ( clobetasol ) with more side effects ( 18 ) . Treatment with an unwritten retinoid ( acitretin ) was found to be effectual in one randomised test ( 19 ) . Successful interventions with tacrolimus oinment was reported ( 20 ) but frequently discontinued due to Burnss on application sites. As presented in our instance furnace lining instances have been treated with intradermic intoxicant injections with variable consequences ( 21 ) . Another concern must be the physicological jobs that may disembodied spirit ( i.e. narcotic maltreatment ) in r elentless LS topics due to chronic vulvar hurting. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists suggests one-year scrutinies for patients whose LS is good controlled and more frequent visits for those with ill controlled disease ( 15 ) .Surgery does non hold a cardinal function in the intervention scheme of LS and could be considered as a last resort to handle complications secondary to the LS ( 22,23 ) . Surgical intercession in LS should non be aimed at taking the disease but at deciding complications of the disease to let go of a buried button, to divide fused labia, or to widen a narrowed introitus in instance of ailments about clitoric symptoms ( hurting or sexual clitoric disfunction ) ( 22 ) . Its usage is limited since scars and contractures may look after surgery. However, if surgery is the preferable intervention mode, it is of import to cognize how to retrace the vulva. Patients wish to go on their sexual life every bit shortly as possible. V-Y promotion flap is an effectual method for Reconstruction of the perineal part. This technique will supply better blood supply and nervus esthesis and will let the expanding of the vaginal orifis.The principle behind the surgical therapy is chiefly to handle those patients who did non or react ill to medical intervention and secondly to forestall the development of invasive carcinoma of the vulva ( 23 ) . Our patient had a long medical history about LS in which she had received several local therapies, phototherapy, surgical efforts and systemic medicines for 16 old ages. All intervention modes were discussed with the household and the concluding determination of the patient was surgery due to her enfeeblement and better decorative outlook.Consequently, surgical intercession must be deferred until LS has been controlled with medicine or should be reserved for pull offing postinflammatory sequelae. If an excisional process ( i.e. vulvectomy ) is the preferable intervention mode, Reconstruction of t he vulvar defect with V-Y promotion flap seems to be an applicable and extremely effectual surgical technique with its good decorative consequences and rapid healing after surgery.LegendsFigure 1 Pre and intraoperative images of vulvar lichen sclerosus patient. 1a hyperkerotic lichen plaques spread to anus, vaginal orifis and periclitoral country, 1b vulvectomy was performed, 1c V form scratchs bilaterally widening to median part of the thigh, 1d. closing of the tegument, giving the concluding cicatrix a horizontal Y form.Figure 2 Postoperative images of vulvar lichen sclerosus patient. 2a station operative 2nd twenty-four hours, 2b completed vulvar mending three hebdomads subsequently.

Saturday, May 25, 2019

Reviewing Films Depicting Supremacy of Artificial Intelligence Essay

There is without a shadow of a doubt that we are now living in a time when there is or so nothing we cannot accomplish. The outbreak of high engineering science all around the world is soaring, and day by day, improvements on what is already highly intelligent devices are creation developed. From estimators, to cellular ph singles, to MP3 players, e trulything has been made accesible to man. Because of this technology, man can bask in his creations and marvel at the genius that he has invented through the years. Half a decade ago, instantlys technology wouldnt have raze been deemed as possible.Yesteryears most advanced technological developers probably wouldnt have even dreamed of the possibilities of what we now have today. But such is the development of the merciful mind our intelligence is further developing and increasing, cosmos adapted to establish newfound concepts and ideas to be utilize for our experience benefits. Indeed, with this highly advanced technology, we are further establishing ourselves as the dominant species of the planet. For us, we are in charge of our own destinies, and no species of some other kind can tell us otherwise.But one is lead to ponder about the marvels of our own creations. What if the articifial intelligence we created were able to evolve themselves? What if these computers suddenly became self-aware, and starts acknowledging its own existence? It is true that we are the one who controls the technology, but what if the technology were able to control itself? If it became self-aware, what if, all of a sudden, it starts to refuse to follow its charitable creators? And if not the computers themselves, what if one person controlling these technologies started using them for their own ulterior motives?With our main defenses relying on technological advances, what if these advances were suddenly utilise against us? Would the humans still be able to lay its claim as the rulers of the earth when a something else esta blishes themselves as much intelligent and dominant? Such is the disquietude that some of us have the fear of having our own technology turned against us. We fear the idea that perhaps someday, these computers that we have in our homes would become intelligent enough to start recognizing its own existence.In the earlyish nineties, technophobia became rampant among the adults, although this fear was largely based on the misconceptions on computers being too overly complicated. Still, for some people, the advancements in technology is reason for them to be gingerly about our own inventions. Creating Technopobia in Movies Since early in the 1980s, there have been a string of movies depicting highly advanced technology being used woefully and without any regard towards others. These movies often show state-of-the-art gadgets or creations, which are used against the protagonists to further cause ruin and devastation.Oftentimes these gadgets are used for the wrong reasons, and with it s infinite possibilities, it creates the fear that maybe what we have created may not be totally beneficial to us, and could possibly create more(prenominal) harm than swear out in the long run. Perhaps the most popular among the movies that came out during the eighties that depicted this theme was the 1984 movie terminator, starring Arnold Schwarzenegger as a human bionic man sent back in time. In the future, Skynet, a computer system fights a losing war against the humans who built it, and who it nearly exterminated.Just before being destroyed, Skynet sends a Terminator back in time to kill Sarah, the mother to be of John Connor, the Leader of the human resistance. The terminator can pass for human, is nearly indestructible, and has only one mission killing Sarah Connor. One soldier is sent back to protect her from the killing machine. He must find Sarah before the Terminator can carry out its mission (MGM. com). This movie portrays Skynet as a super computer, one that is capab le to making decisions for itself. The super computer becomes self-aware, and recognizes the human race as a threat to its existence.It therefore wages a war against all of mankind, which almost led to the anniliation of the entire planet. In 1998, the movie antagonist of the State provided a different insight on abusing highly advanced technology. Robert Dean, the main character of the story, is just a successful and gutsy labor attorney when he runs into an old college friend who was a big hurry. Unknown to him, that friend secretly drops a disc and viewer containing footage of a political assassination overseen by the senior advisor to the National Security Agency.Unfortunately, that politician soon learns what Dean has in his possession and secretly uses the vast resources of the NSA to find, investigate and stop him before he goes public. Soon, Dean finds himself on the run, with his assests frozen, his loved ones watched and actively hunted by NSA agents using all the survel lience technology they have available. Not knowing what is going, Dean must stick about one step ahead while trying to figure out the cause of this mess (Yahoo Movies).This movie dwells on the idea of government surveillance and the assault of our personal privacy by the government. We see from the movie that these technological advances could be easily used against us, and just as it could make our lives easier, it could also make it extremely difficult. We also find that if technology were to be used the wrong way, then those in power could have a commanding control over our very lives. Another movie that depicted computers going against humans was the highly acclaimed The Matrix. Thomas A.Anderson is a man living two lives by day he is an average computer programmer and by night a malevolent hacker known as modern. Neo has always questioned his reality but the faithfulness is far beyond his imagery. Neo finds himself targeted by the police when he is contacted by Morpheus, a legendary computer hacker branded a terrorist by the government. Morpheus awakens Neo to the real world, a ravaged wasteland where most of humanity have been captured by a race of machines which live off of their body heat and throw away their minds within an artificial reality known as the Matrix.As a rebel against the machines, Neo must return to the Matrix and confront the agents, super tendinous computer programs devoted to snuffing out Neo and the entire human rebellion (Whatisthematrix. com). The movie is almost identical to the concept of the Terminator, in which there is a computer mind that becomes self-aware of its own existence. Knowing that it has the power of technology, it sees the human race as disposable, and decides to take over and control the entire world. When Neo met Morpheus, he was waken to the fact that they were being used by the computer systems as mere batteries to continue sustaining their own power.And it was up to them to reawaken the rest of the w orld from this nightmare that is the Matrix. The alarm of Control What these three films had in common was theme of technology victorious over the human lives. The films shared similar highly advanced technology that in one way was very helpful, but at the other end caused problems that were catastrophic. This is what we are afraid of that maybe perhaps at some point, our own creations would ricochet on us and cause a lot of harm towards society, and it would perhaps be unstoppable when it happens.Perhaps what motivates the persistence of these kinds of themes is the fact that we all know that this romance that they try to present could and might become possible in the future. Fifty or so years ago, our technology today wasnt even survey of as possible. A lot of things are being developed today that our predescessors couldnt have possibly dreamed of back in the day. Nowadays, the sky is the limit. The human race is making every dream come to life, developing newer and better te chnology every single day.So deep inside, we know that this threat of computers taking over is not a long shot. We see that perhaps someday, artificial intelligence would become this advanced as to be self-aware. And if this happens, whats gonna stop them from taking over the world and eliminating the human race? In terms of humans going against fellow humans using technology, we ourselves could be comparable to this technology. Donna Haraway mentions how we are exchangeable the cyborgs, which are both part machine and part organism. She further states In short, we are cyborgs.The cyborg is our ontology it gives us our politics. The cyborg is a condensed image of both imagination and material reality, the two joined centres structuring any possibility of historical transformation. In the traditions of Western science and politicsthe tradition of racist, male- dominant capitalism the tradition of get on the tradition of the appropriation of nature as resource for the productions o f culture the tradition of reproduction of the self from the reflections of the otherthe relation between organism and machine has been a border war (Harraway, 516).With the peer-to-perr capabilities of networked computer communication today, it is likely to have a major impact on both the film and music business. Depending on how this technology is used, it could have either a postive or negative effect on these industries. Everything could be made easier with technology, films and music could be produced with relative ease, and everything to be made more accesible. On the other hand, changing the sytems could mean doing things a lot different, which could cause a chain reaction among those who are involved.Business could be done more efficiently, but it could leave people out of jobs. Human work might be replaced by much more efficient computers doing their jobs, and that could have an effect on the economy of the country. Looking back, technology has certainly come along way sinc e back in the old days, when all of this conveniences didnt exist. It is easy to mental picture people being intimidated by these advancements, due to its infinite potential. Depending on how it is used, it could be very good for all of us, or it could be catastrophic to all. solitary(prenominal) time will tell whether these technological improvements would come back to haunt us in the long run. Works Cited Enemy of the State. Yahoo Movies. Retrieved 3 June 2008 from http//movies. yahoo. com/ support? d=hv&cf=info&id=1800021531 Haraway, Donna. A Cyborg Manifesto. The New Media Reader (1985). pp. 515-541. The Matrix Trilogy. Whatisthematrix. com. Retrieved 3 June 2008 from http//whatisthematrix. warnerbros. com/ The Terminator. MGM. com. Retrieved 3 June 2008 from http//www. mgm. com/title_title. php? title_star=TERMINAT

Friday, May 24, 2019

Antigone’s Relations Essay

In the two Antigone plays that we read, Anouilhs 1940s modern version and Sophocles version, at that place are many contrasts. Everything from the setting to the message is different, however the relationship between characters is the most striking difference relationships with Antigone in particular. In Sophocles version, the character relations are rather under break offed, which is an extreme contrast from the relationships shown in Anouilhs version of Antigone. The relationships that are the most different between the two plays are Antigones relationship with Creon and with Haemon.Antigones relationship with Creon in the Sophocles version differs greatly from the Anouilh version. The most obvious difference is that in the Anouilh version Creon doesnt want Antigone to die and tries every way he can to keep her alive. He exhausts just about every argument possible, starting and frequently returning to the similarities between her and her father. He tells her how idiotic her fathe r was and that she would be wise to not make the same mistakes steady though she carries the same characteristics that lead Oedipus to his death. Then he switches tactics and half orders her to not be draw to death because she has to marry Haemon, and when that doesnt work, he pulls a pity plea of how much he would like to bury Polynices but simply cant because of his duties as a king and what it would cost him if he bent to Antigones will.None of these arguments work, even when Creon, in a last desperate attempt to comport her, reveals to her how horrible her precious brothers actu tout ensembley are. Really in this version, Creon does care about Antigone he has nothing to gain from keeping Antigone alive besides that she would marry Haemon, and her babe Ismene is still around to marry him if Antigone is put to death. In contrast, the Sophocles version doesnt present such a caring- if you could call it that in Anouilhs- relationship. In this relationship all Creon wants to do i s see Antigone put to death. He is unswayed by any argument that his son Haemon throws out in that respect. In this version things are simple. Antigone went against Creons polity and buried her brother, so therefore she must be put to death, no ifs ands or buts about it. There is no room for argument or feeling, and no real relationship development.While the relationship between Antigone and Creon in the Sophocles version is very underdeveloped when compared with the Anouilh version, the relationship between Antigone and Haemon is even more so. In the Sophocles story, there is no indication of the great everlasting love between the two that would drive Haemon to kill himself over finding Antigone dead. There is almost no feelings of evoke or sadness at her sentence to death until Haemon suddenly flies into a rage at the very end upon seeing Antigone dead and shoves a sword through and through his body. To Haemons credit, he does show a teensy-weensy bit of rebellion when arguin g with his father about the outcome of Antigone. He comes through with a little bit of strength after all of the oh father, you are so wise junk, and tells him that maybe he should bend just a little for her for his own benefit.And when Creon doesnt listen to his advice, he implies with his last words to his father And you will never see my face again (Sophocles, impression 3, line 133) that he may in fact take his own life. But thats as far as it goes, and it seems to be more out of anger at his father than of his love for Antigone. In Anouilhs version of the story, Haemon and Antigone have a much more developed relationship. Its plainly clear that Haemon loves Antigone and wants to be with her, even if she doesnt fully understand why he chose her over Ismene. The fact that he did chose her over Ismene shows more than anything else that he does indeed love her. Anouilhs added scene with Haemon and Antigone develops the relationship so much more and gives one a more believable bas is for Haemon killing himself over Antigone. The scene is an intimate look at a couple in love, instead of in the Sophocles version a relationship that seems to be arranged for convenience at best.The changes in scenes which enhance and develop the relationships of Antigone with Creon and Haemon greatly improve the Anouilh version. Without the added scenes and implications in the scenes, the Sophocles version is rather dry and doesnt inspire much catharsis. However, in the Anouilh version, the reader is actually made to feel for the characters through their trials and tribulations, and therefore to be angry at Creon for killing her, disbelieving of Antigone for her stubborn pride, and sad for all involved when everyone except for Creon end up dead. So although some(prenominal) versions are supposed to be the same story, the relationship developments are socontrasting that they are different stories altogether.

Thursday, May 23, 2019

Developing Yourself as an Effective Human Resource Practitione Essay

The CIPD developed a map depicting the HR profession that signifies the skills, knowledge and behaviours needed by those in HR and instruction and Development lords. The two inner core professed(prenominal) areas in the HRPM, Strategy Insights and Solutions and Leading HR, requires a deep understanding of the business activities, strategies and plans to stick business performance through the delivery of human resource strategy and solutions.Leading HR in particular focuses on the organisation requirements and that human resources employees are fully engaged, naturalizeing collaboratively and all understand the drivers that create value within the organisation. Both of these core areas are to be reflected within all HR roles at any point of a successful HR career regardless of location or working within an organisation or alongside one. The new(prenominal) 8 professional areas identify the knowledge and skills required within each band level to provide specialist HR assistance . There are 4 band levels, each band level signifies professional competence and is linked to the professional areas within said band level at every stage of the professionals HR career.To progress from one band to another there are three transitional pathways that identify what the professional must follow in arrangement to progress. There are 8 behavioural areas clustered into 3 groups that identify how professionals at the relevant band level in their career need to keep out their duties and make a contribution to their organisations success. They include Band One Personally Credible Builds a reliable reputation using have it off and expertness and does so with integrity and in an objective manner. Collaborative Works effectively with colleagues, guests, and individuals both within and outside of the organisation. Driven to deliver Demonstrates a strong work ethic, consistent in their duties and take accountability for delivery of results.Plans, prioritises, monitors performa nce and holds others accountable for delivery. Band Two Advises on and manager HR related issues and has a excrete understanding of the evaluation process. Whilst at band two, the professional will demonstrates the Personally Credible and Driven to Deliver Behaviour Areas seen in Band One slice also demonstrating other Behaviour Areas Courage to Challenge and Skilled Influencer.Courage to Challenge Shows confidence and courage to speak and challenges others when confronted with unfamiliar circumstances. Skilled Influencer Demonstrates the ability to make and to gain commitment and support form a wide range of diverse stakeholders for the organisation benefit. Band Three Requires the professional to show a tall understanding of the Behaviour Areas Courage to Challenge and Skilled Influencer. These are to be demonstrated at an expert level before progressing to the band level4. The professional has the skills to lead in a Behavioural area and addresses key HR challenges at an orga nisational level. Band Four Professionals are required to be an expert in their field, lead and manage the professional area or the organisational responsible for developing and delivering organisational and HR strategy. The professional is required to cover 3 Behavioural areas Role Model, rum and Decisive Thinker.Role Model leading by example and implying sound personal judgement in all interactions. Curious Demonstrates an active interest in the internal and external environment, shows a willingness to learn and active in the development of self and others and organisation levels and individual. Decisive Thinker Demonstrates the ability to analyse information apace and constructively to make defendable decisions using knowledge, experience and personal judgement. As a learner just starting out my HR career my experience and knowledge is limited and I believe to sit at Band One on the HRPM.Band One supports colleagues with administration duties and effectively manages data and is customer driven. The Professional Areas suited for Band One insure that all people within the organisation possess and develop the skills and knowledge to progress not lonesome(prenominal) within the organisation, but their career by becoming motivated to learn, grow and perform.High performance within the organisation is promoted by rewards that are equitable and speak to effective, given when rewarding skills, capabilities, performance and experience. While Band One focuses primarily on Performance and Reward and Learning and Talent Development as professional areas, the HRPM also depicts that the behaviours at Band One level are to be achieved. These include Personally Credible, Collaborative and Driven to Deliver. The two core Professional Areas (Strategy Insights and Solutions and Learning and Talent Development) are at the very heart of any HR professional and should be the core values of anyprofessional undertaking a HR career or an expert in their field.

Wednesday, May 22, 2019

Effects of Guidance And Counseling Essay

2.1 IntroductionThis chapter will focus on the review of the existing literature to the specific idea of effects of way and direction on academic performance in thirdhand school level. The information gathered from the literature will be put ond to define a benchmark against which the SGC work may be measured.2.2 Review of Related StudiesFew topics get hold of been identified as per the line of work, effects of counselor and counselling on academic performance in secondary schools.2.2.1 Importance of management and Counseling in Secondary Schools.Kottman (1995) came up with the following as to why guidance and counseling is important. An individual figures positive feelings from his/her teachers, p arents and adults. They clear own(prenominal) meaning from their learning activities and are satisfactory to fall in and enhance academic skills to the maximum of their ability. Guidance and counseling programs help the learner to be able to learn necessary coping skills so t hat they fag be able to deal with the normal developmental concerns and problems that they will encounter. Learners should be able to realize that they are responsible for their own behaviors and so they have to work with parents in variety of planned programes to assist them to develop attitudes and skills to enhance the academic and social development. According to Krumboltz(2002), the purpose of the program is to bring slightly the maximum development and self realization of human potential for the benefit of individual and society.Kileen et al (1992), states that life guidance comfort efficiency and social equity. It is important in backup individual decisions, reducesdrop outs and mismatch contribution in performance especially in academics. By having guidance and counseling programs, it promotes self understanding, helps wizard to make realistic decisions and overcome personality deficits. It is the process of helping individuals to learn to deal with difficulties and t o think critically rough themselves and their future. Hattie et al (199), advocacy that helps one to develop personal discipline, proper use and management of clock, work, leisure and self reliance. The program aimed at helping the students to harmonize. Killeen et al (2001) states that it is important, in supporting individual decisions, reduce drop outs and mismatch contribution in performance especially in academics. On the other hand Hattie et al (1999) agrees that guidance and counseling in high schools helps to develop personal discipline, proper management of time and self reliance.2.2.2 Organizing Guidance and Counseling Program.According to Lutomia and Sikollia(2002) the head teachers are supposed to devote room or provide room for the teacher/lecturer in charge of guidance and counseling . This is because some problems faced by students are personal and they may need private discussions. The room should be in conducive environment and confidentiality should be of high degree. The coordinator should be the guidance and counseling teacher aided by other members i.e. boarding master/mistress, games master and house master/mistress. According to Kottman (1995), guidance and counseling programs in schools is that programs developed in district wide, guidance have to include the personnel from superintended office if it has progenys of schools in the district, the principal and other specialists are involved, but for a single individual school, the principal is the unless person involved. Makinde (1983) had a problem in implementing the guidance and counseling programs because there is a natural resistance from change. There is also lack of clarity about the new role.2.2.3 Qualification of a Good Counselor.Durlk (2005), in review studies reports that the evidence indicated that lay or non-professional pleaders tend to be more effective than highly proficient experts practioners. Hattie et al (1999) argues that pra-professional aremore effective t han trained therapist and Berman and Norton (2000), using vigorous criteria for accepting studies as methodology adequately conducted that there is no boilers suit difference in effectiveness amongst professional and nonprofessional therapist. Pattern (1973) affirms that the non professional helpers have included adult volunteers, parents of children and college students models of treatment have received more training to achieve better results. Non professional do better with long term counseling small-arm professional are relatively more effective short team work. Durlak (2005) adds that non professional such as volunteers achieve good results because of the following factors a) Able to offer difficult cases to professionals.b) Restrict themselves to true(a) forward.c) Limited cases load.d) High motivated to help.e) Perceived by leaf nodes to be more genuine.Corey (2004) indicates that they are advantages in no professional status and relative lack of experience and advanced training. Some of the disadvantages associated with expertise include the danger of burn out due to overwork. Towbin (2006) postulates that possible explanation for the effectiveness of non professional counselor that they are selected from a pool of naturally talented untrained listeners in the community.2.2.4 Qualities of a Good CounselorA capable counselor must possess a number of personal qualities and develop the proper attitudes to make a client feel at ease and to build rapport so that a client can self-disclose. Makinde (1983), states that counselors are supposed to be patient, should be a good listener, observe the client speech when he is talking. As a counselor you should not develop any intimate between yourself and the student. The counselor must be confidential in the sense that must always respect and keep the secret of their clients as much as the ethical code allows. The counselor should be honesty if he cannot solve the problem and refer the client to the more expe rienced professional. Lutomiaa and Skolia (2002), comments that in schools and colleges the person chosen as a counselor should be mature so that he can accept responsibilityin schools and society. The counselor should be honest and also conversant with other masss problems. He should be able to keep secrets, keep records and should not be a gossiper.2.2.5 Clients helpLutomia and Sikolia (2002), states that a counselor has to be patient to listen to them a let him/her show the learners that he is not in a hurry. The counselor has to give the client adequate time so that he/she can be able to express the problems they are encountered with. Facial expressions and gestures is another factor that strengthens the process of listening and this makes them to be comprehended.The skills of listeningActive listening and responding appropriately are two of the key skills a counselor must have. Listening makes the person who is talking feel worthy, appreciated and respected. When we give som eone all of our attention the speaker responds positively by interacting on a deeper level, perhaps by disclosing personal information or by becoming more relaxed. When a counselor pays particular attention to what the client is saying they are encouraging the client to continue talking, as well as ensuring communication remains open and positive2.2.6 Guidance and Counseling Services Offered in Schools.Makinde (1983), states that orientation helps students adjust well in any new environment. judgement of inventory services and information whereby you aim at providing students with better knowledge of educational, vocational and social opportunities so that they can make informed choices and decisions.2.2.7 Challenges in render of Guidance and CounselingMakinde (1983), says that in developing countries, guidance and counseling will become meaning to individual if it focuses on imparting decision making skills, career planning skills, enhancement teacher and parent effectiveness and value clarifications. Parten (1973), adds that problems that face the provision of guidance and counseling are attitudinal, structural, human and cultural. These include failure to take away in careful diagnosis of theorganizational problems that guidance and counseling was designed to solve. There is also lack of trained counselors in institutions of learning, lack of enough time and facilities for use by counselors, lack of research work in the guidance and counseling area.2.2.8 How to Identify Students ProblemsTolbert (1959), states that for one to identify a problem in a student is through the lecturer or class teacher. If it is a boarding school, the matron and catering unit can be of great use since they always interact with students. In school records, it is always important when students are admitted to an institution, a file of each should be opened and all the information about the student entered so that incase of a recurring problem, the counselor can refer to the file and find the required information. Patern (1973) argues that other people who know of the student can be approached and information about the student problem can be identified. He adds that some students confide in friends and it is tricky because if the students learn that people are discussing him/her he/she can easily keep off. Therefore a good counselor should be careful when discussing one student with another.2.2.9 Difficulties in Guidance and CounselingKrumboltz (2001), states that mass media offer many negative influence and the children/learners are exposed to it than ever originally. Some advertisement encourage big behaviors i.e. the advertisement of some cigarettes, alcohol companies are so colorful that students would like to cope that image or wants to be the same as that person using it and when a counselor tries to discourage it, students will tell him that they have seen people who smoke and drink and yet they are successful. Also televisions encourage students t o do wrong because they show quixotic movies which young people will enjoy watching. Oketch (1999), agrees that company and influence from peer group is one of the challenges.The counselor will be aware when there is bad influence from such company and try to persuade the student to avoid it, but the affected students will think of the teacher concerned as the one on the wrong and will become rebellious. Shertzer and Stone (1981), states that the wide curriculum in the current 8-4-4 system of education has many subjectsthat students need to cover between 8 am-4pm. This makes it difficult because there is always a pressure on the students mind which is a problem. On the other hand, the counselor has got no time for counseling because he is always in class or the student is always in class and at 4.00 oclock the simply time left, the student is on the field with games master hence making it difficult for the counselor to operate effectively. Fuster (1990) suggests that pornographic is another hindrance to acceptance of counseling in secondary schools. There are many pornographic materials in circulation and they land into the hands of the innocent girls and boys who end up in participating.2.2.10 How to draw facts from a studentPatern (1973), writes that a counselor should show interest into discussion by possibly making brief comments, he/she should avoid interrupting a student before he completes his train on thoughts, he/she should always listen to major facts. According to Makinde (1983), he claims that a counselor should not get tired while listening to a student. He/she should listen attentively because this will make the students be willing to listen and contribute. According to Fuster (1990), the counselor should always check his/her contend opinion and every step confirm if they are together with the students.2.3 SummaryHaving discussed different literature on guidance and counseling in secondary schools twin with the researcher own experience as on e time student, it is evident enough that there is need for effective counseling model in secondary schools. The many strikes that rocks most of the government secondary schools in 2008 are examples that are still fresh in most peoples mind. This shows that something is very wrong and needs to be addressed as soon as possible. It is in hope that the findings of this study will go along way in addressing most of the recommendations provision of guidance and counseling services in learning institutions. In general there is need for guidance and counseling that necessitates a search for truth. There is need to number at problems that students face in schools and how guidance and counseling may be effective to them.

Tuesday, May 21, 2019

Softdrinks: Bad Influence for Our Bones, Teeth, and Body Weight

Coca-Colas advertisements typically radiate happiness and refreshment. In adept of its latest ads, it shows its product as a factory of happiness. Soda advertisements shag be very effective in psychologically conditioning people to bring forward that soft whoop it ups are equal to a happy and beautiful life. It sends a message that when people drink club washing soda, they are drinking their way to a happier life. In reality, softdrinks bestow havoc to peoples health and lives. Sodas, as several scientific studies prove, are not good for us at all.Softdrinks may seem alike a refreshing way to ease a hot day, but their short-term benefits cannot outweigh their long-term destructive effects. People should not drink softdrinks anymore, because of its vainglorious learn on our bones, teeth, and body weight. Softdrinks drill cavities into our teeth. Poonam Jain, director of community dentistry at Southern Illinois University School of Dental Medicine says Soda eats up and dissolv es the tooth enamel (Kanigel). Jain examined several sodas by measuring their pH level, which is an indication of acidity. Water has pH of 7 sugar-sweetened sodas range at 2.5 while diet sodas make sense at 3. 2 (Kanigel). Jain stresses that sodas acidity is even worse for our teeth than solid sugar in candy, because soda corrodes our teeth enamel, which hastens the tooth molder process by making it easier for bacteria to penetrate our teeth (Kanigel). A deem of studies, including a University of Michigan investigation of dental checkup data from the leash National health and Nutrition Examination Survey, back up that adults who imbibe three or more sodas a day have up to 62% more decayed, missing, and filled teeth than those who drink less (Kanigel).Softdrinks are good for sipping, and at times, it seems better to let the taste simmer in our mouth. People do not know that sipping soda actually makes it harder for their saliva to go back to neutral levels (Kanigel). Jain emphas izes that This is particularly an issue for people who drink several sodas a day, because they never give their saliva a chance to neutralize (Kanigel). Clearly, sodas destroy our chances for that beaming close-up smile. Softdrinks eat away our bones too. Several studies showed that softdrinks have been correlated to humble bone density.In the 1950s, children downed 3 cups of milk for every 1 cup of sugary drinks now, it has been reversed, because children drink 3 cups of sweetened drinks for every cup of milk (Kanigel). A number of experts connect softdrinks with osteoporosis, because people drink milk less, when they drink more softdrinks (Kanigel). The study by Jean Mayer of the USDA Human Nutrition Research Center, on the some other(a) hand, does not find a connection surrounded by drinking softdrinks and drinking milk, although their study also shows that cola consumption decreases bone density for older women (Tufts University wellness & Nutrition garner 1).Girls are also being negatively affected by sodas. In a study of 460 youthful students in 2000, the Harvard School of existence Health sight that girls who drank carbonated soft drinks were three times as likely to break their arms and legs as those who consumed other drinks (Tufts University Health & Nutrition Letter 1). The study underscores that dark drinks seem to be more health-aversive than fruit-flavored drinks, because the study show that girls who imbibed colas were five times more prone to breaking their arms and legs in their adolescent years than girls who stopped drinking soda(Tufts University Health & Nutrition Letter 1).Grace Wyshak, PhD, a biostatistician and the studys primary researcher, suggests that something in colas hold back the bodys capability to use calcium (Tufts University Health & Nutrition Letter 1). She is alarmed that this will make girls more susceptible to fractures and bone problems in later life (Tufts University Health & Nutrition Letter 1). Indeed, sipping soda can be similar to chipping our bones away. Drinking sodas add up to our waistline. Olsen and Heitmann and Vartanian et al. review literature on the relationship between obesity and softdrinks. legal age of the studies prove that drinking sodas can be linked to obesity.Pereira also examines the evidence that links obesity and softdrinks. She concludes that several studies illustrate that there is a relationship between drinking sweet drinks like soda and higher body mass index. Marr also mentions studies that blame softdrinks for many children being obese or overweight. David S. Ludwig, MD, PhD, director of the obesity program at Childrens Hospital Boston agrees with Marr and states In my estimation, sugary beverages are one of the two leading environmental causes of obesity, perhaps second only to TV viewing in the magnitude of its effect (Kanigel).In 2001, he and his peers at the Harvard School of Public Health provided strong evidence that linked obesity and softdrinks (Kan igel). They followed 548 teens for 19 months and discovered that teenagers who drank more sodas were more overweight than those who did not (Kanigel). Another study suggests that fructose in softdrinks can stimulate appetite, which makes it easier for people to get fatter (Kanigel). Softdrinks are fatteners. On the other hand, people who say that softdrinks is a cheap and easy way to feel refreshed want to defend their sodas.The reaction to this is that people can also drink cold water and feel refreshed. They can even drink lemon juice and dash it with honey, and they get less calories and fructose. Soda producers also assert that soda provides funding for many education programs. Yes, soda does that, but how about the bad influence of softdrinks? Childhood obesity cannot ethically fund education. Softdrinks are bad influence in many ways they are bad for our bones, teeth, and weight. They increase risks for a number of health problems. They are not what they want to be- to bring h appiness to people.How can people be in high spirits, when they have bone problems, tooth decay, diabetes, or they are overweight? The ads got it all wrong. Sodas can make people unhappy. Works cited Kanigel, Rachele. It Raises Diabetes insecurity And Robs Bone. Its Wrecking Our Teeth. And Its Making Us Fat. The Culprit? Soda. Prevention 58. 10 (2006) 160-207. Marr, Liz. Soft Drinks, Childhood Overweight, and the Role of Nutrition Educators Lets Base Our Solutions on Reality and Sound Science. daybook of Nutrition Education & Behavior 36. 5 (2004) 258-265. Olsen, N. J. and B. L. Heitmann. Intake of Calorically Sweetened Beverages and Obesity. Obesity check overs 10. 1 (2009) 68-75. Pereira, M. A. The Possible Role of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages in Obesity Etiology A Review of the Evidence. International Journal of Obesity 30 (2006) S28-S36. Tufts University Health & Nutrition Letter. Cola May Up Osteoporosis Risk for Older Women. Tufts University Health & Nutrition Letter 24. 1 1 (2007) 1-2. Vartanian, Lenny R. , Schwartz, Marlene B. , and Kelly D. Brownell. Effects of Soft Drink Consumption on Nutrition and Health A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. American Journal of Public Health 97. 4 (2007) 667-675.

Monday, May 20, 2019

Portrayal Of Religion In Literature

Religion plays an important graphic symbol in all(prenominal) military mans biography. Its impact is manifested on every person daily affairs and his or her behavior. Hundreds of literatures that explicitly tackle faith take on already been written. While the list may be inexhaustible, the Metamorphoses, Aeneid, orchestra pit and Odyssey serve as some of the popular literary works where a religious strand batch be looked into.The fact that the Metamorphoses by Ovid composed of mythological stories printed in the form of poetry gives one the original postage stamp that divine universes are already incorporated into the book and that, consequently, the myth in these literary maculation may have something to do with religion. True enough, the various sections found within the book have a common subject the former of a divine entity and how such(prenominal) power determines the fate of men. Most of the transformations that go by in the stories are of people being punished f or the oversteps they have committed (Ovid, p.171).This punishment of sins can be force backn to mean as one way of reflecting justness in the sense that the action of man is essentially incorporated with a equivalent responsibility and that Godor religionhas a corresponding role in the provision of these sanctions. By focusing on the relationship between the individuals and God in the Metamorphoses, one can immediately draw the idea that religion is the binding force between the two, bridging the nonvisualand perhaps inconceivabledistance that separates the mortal from the immortal.Metamorphoses shows big belief in the power of God such as the instance of creation where the king of the gods divided the year into four new seasons (Ovid, p. 10) and the belief that every person committing a sin should undergo a punishment such as impiety and its direful punishment (Ovid, p. 293). all in all his stories tell us widely of the power and influence that God and religion has on peop le. Dante Alighieris nether region begins on Good Friday and ends on Easter day showing the awareness of the motive on these two crucial Christian doctrines that focus on God.Dante tries to create a creative affiliation between a persons sins on Earth and the sentence the man or fair sex gets in Hell such as the case when people are condemned for gullet sins (Alighieri, p. 51) and for carnal sin (Alighieri, p. 41). The angry people are made to stifle on mud, the enraged people assault apiece other, the greedy people are forcefully made to eat human excreta etc. All these inspirations grant the majority of Infernos moments of stunning descriptions and representational power, and also provide to shed barge on the primary theme of Dantethe flawlessness of Gods fairness.Readers might feel that the torments that Dante underwent were very harsh, provided the author justifies the fact that sinners are punished according to the severity of their sins. check to Dante, Gods justice ap pears as strictly purposeful, unthinking, and remote, and that divine justice searches the moral character of all created beings (Alighieri, p. 324). There appears to be no mitigating situations in Hell, and punishment is a must for every sinner. People who show sympathy to the people measly have a lack of thoughtfulness.Taking into account his Inferno, Dante appears to be a strict follower of Christian principles, or at least a literary author who employs the Christian conception of Hell in nightclub to amplify the primary(prenominal) contentions behind Inferno (Sanders, p. 112). As Dante feels that fraud is a greater evil compared to violence, the main intention of the author is not to think about evil but to teach and support the grandness of Christian principles. It can also be observed that Dantes intention in writing Inferno is to show a brief picture of the terrible political activities in the fourteenth-century of Florence.This has a major role in the religious conception of Inferno because, through and through the literary work, Dante stresses his personal view that Church and the subject are not different but identical authorities on Earth. This reflects the idea that religion should take an authoritative role in the background of the larger society. Dante also gives many references to the Hellenic and Roman community. According to Dante, religion and faith takes the topmost place in a persons life and religion has its impact on any person who has faith in God and believes in Hell and being punished for the evils and sins he has committed.Dante illustrates this point by stating the instance where Saint Paul, the chosen Vessel, came to carry back a strengthening of that faith from which salvation always must begin (Alighieri, p. 13). On the other hand, The Aeneid tells the story of how something great got started, how Aeneas had to let go Troy to form a new Rome. One of the most unforgettable incidents is when Aeneas weeps on leaving Carthage. V irgil shows how the messenger of the gods indirectly asks Aeneas to leave Troy (Virgil, p. 140).It is perhaps a manifestation of divine intervention, as most people call it, which leads one into the realization that a Divine entity manifested through religion has a lot to do with the affairs of human beings. Since the course and purpose of Aeneass path are indentured and that the pain and fame he had to face in combat as the story continues cannot change his fate, God would have certainly have had a huge role in changing Aenas fate. It tells us that The Aeneid is inclined to relating how a Divine authority has the power to greatly alter the lives of men.In essence, The Aeneid shows consideration for the belief in gods in the exploits of past kingdoms, such as the passage the King of the Gods has sorted out your fate, so rolls your life, as the world rolls through its changes (Virgil, p. 116) The Trojans moving from Troy to Italy are shown in the first part of Aeneid. Dido the Quee n wishes Aeneas, but destiny rejects her, and the inclination for Aeneas makes her commit suicide. Virgil wrote the Aeneid in a period of the Golden age of Roman Empire when Caesar Augustus was the emperor.Virgil compares the biased and common circumstances of his period with the hereditary custom of the idols and Greek gods, to show that the political rule under Augustus was traditionally resulting from the gods. Since The Aeneid is filled with foresight and mystical calculations, with dreams, strange visits from people who are dead, puzzling omens, and messengers from God, it can hardly be denied that the story itself is filled with religious precepts that correspond to contemporary society.The weather is used as a power to express Gods will. The storm at the start represents the fury when Juno sends it. The Goddess Venus protects the Trojans by traffic the God Neptune. All these instances show faithfulness in the context of the literary piece inasmuch as it reveals the import ation of a deep faith and belief in God and religion. Meanwhile, Homers Odyssey is the story of a man with many complications surrounding him.In this literary piece, the power of God and faith in religion is shown when Greek gods come in various forms to relate with humans. The story also reveals that the gods show compassion to mortals such as the instance when Athena said that her heart breaks for Odysseus, that seasoned veteran cursed by fate so long (Homer, p. 79). It tells us that, although gods have superior power above all mortals, they nevertheless have (or at least some of them do have) a sense of pity and remorse for the wretched conditions of humanity.It gives us the impression that gods do have a definitive role in the lives of mortals at least in the context of Odyssey. All these literatures have one thing in commonreligion or religions have implied meanings and consequences to the life of the characters. The characters in the literary works are widely influenced by the ir corresponding Divine Beings and their religion and that the differing location between the struggling individual and the powerful Divine Beings shows how one is subordinated before the other.

Sunday, May 19, 2019

Orwell’s Rules for Good Language Essay

Good written and verbal language is essential for effectual communication. Writing in 1946, George Orwell points to several problems with the contemporary use of English. In his estimation, these problems lead to meaningless utterances that are ill-defined and im on the nose. Orwell provides several suggestions for improving the use of English avoid metaphors and over-used figures of speech, use short words in the grade of long words, cut out unnecessary words, use the active voice, avoid the use of jargon by using words from e genuinelyday English, and break the rules if following them will create a statement abstracted in sophistication.These suggestions can be used as a measuring stick to gauge different authors use of the English language. The writings of three authors were analyzed using Orwells suggestions as a guideline, and it was found that Cuthbertson and provide offend the principles of good English while Lutz actively campaigns for the use of clear, precise English. In From the Right, Mike Cuthbertson violates many of Orwells rules and as a result, the writing lacks clarity, and the imagery is not vivid. experience for instance the following sentence To come upon this, I full well knew that some concessions to my gardener wife would be necessary. In this sentence, the author has some unnecessary words (full well) and uses a dormant construction at the end of the sentence. This sentence could be more precise with the implementation of Orwells rules To accomplish this, I knew that I must make concessions to my gardener wife. An separate example of Cuthbertsons use of the dormant voice appears in the following sentence So rural was the area that I actually attended a one-room school house for grades one and two (no kindergarten, then) before a brand new alter school was built in the village and all the area kids were bused to it. Later in the passage, Cuthbertson uses a long, comparatively uncommon word when a shorter, more frequently used word would convey his meaning retributory as well magnanimously proposed could be replaced with selflessly proposed. Throughout the passage, Cuthbertson uses figures of speech that thrust been so over-used they have lost their punch under the watchful eye, to earn our keep, at that tender age, the sensibleer sex, my better half, to keep my ego firmly in check, to lose myself in a good novel, and been put in my place. To be fair to Cuthbertson, it should be noted that he appears to have used this style of writing to serve a literary purpose, namely the evocation of his childhood years spent in a farming community and the lessons that refer to be felt in his married life. However, the authors passive voice and over-used figures of speech trim back from the imagery he seems to want to create in the readers mind. His communication would have been often more effective if he had created new ways of describing his situation. Alastair McKies compilation some of George W. supplys st atements contains some glaring examples of poor English. Not only does Bush violate Orwells suggestions for good English, he appears to be incapable of constructing proper sentences and using words correctly. For example, Bush repeats a made-up word, misunderestimated, three time in one paragraph. In another paragraph, Bush remarks that ticket counters and airplanes will fly. Flying ticket counters would surely be a remarkable occurrence While the flying ticket counters remark is humorous, other of Bushs statements are just confusing.Take for example, We are fully committed to working with both boldnesss to lead the level of terror down to an acceptable level for both. If the United States and its allies are one side of the war on terror and the other side are the terrorists, is Bush saying that he is spontaneous to work with the country of which he is president? Shouldnt that go without saying? Bush, or at the very least his speechwriters, would have greatly benefited from r eading Orwells essay, the following sentence in particular belike it is better to put off using words as long as possible and maturate ones meaning as clear as one can through pictures and sensations. If Bush had a clear idea of what he wanted to say, maybe he would be better at saying it. Orwell has a further suggestion that could help Bush on his way to becoming a clear thinker who uses rhetoric more effectively. For Orwell, improvements in these areas will lead towards political improvements If one gets relieve of these habits one can think more clearly, and to think clearly is a necessary first rate toward political regeneration. In contrast, George Orwell would have greatly admired William Lutz. Lutz spent sixteen years collecting examples of double-speak which he then compiled into a book.Some of these examples are euphemisms for the most horrid things dehired and non-retained (i. e. fired) and negative patient care expiration (i. e. death following a medical procedure). These euphemisms are similar in function to those, mentioned by Orwell, mean to mask indescribable horrors of war or to rationalize abhorrent behavior. Others of Lutzs examples are needlessly change phrasings of simple concepts Exit access is that part of a means of egress that leads to an entrance or an exit. all(prenominal) those words simply indicate a way of accessing a door or window.Still other examples are merely funny occasional protein spill (i. e. vomit) and television with non-multicolor capability (i. e. a black and fair television). These examples are similar to those cited by Orwell when he speaks of the relationship between euphemisms and insincerity. He finds that when writers are insincere, they cloak their touchable feelings in lofty, verbose language. One hopes that with Lutzs drawing attention to the sheer amount of doublespeak that exists in our world, hoi polloi will become more aware of how empty it is and stop using it.In conclusion, Cuthbertson and B ush violate the principles of good English while Lutz actively campaigns for the use of clear, precise English. These three examples come from different genres autobiography, speech, and non-fiction. As such, they provide evidence for the importance of good English as a communication tool in all areas of life. Orwells principles are effective guidelines to follow in any means of communication. After all, it is alpha to be clear, concise, and precise when communicating with others.

Saturday, May 18, 2019

Following Simple Instructions

This is a ten thousand word ( troops related) testify on the importance to postdate simple instructions, the importance of non commissi peerlessd policemans in the military, and why it is important to follow leadership whether u be in the military or a nonher form of work in which u argon beneath a form of leadership. I am writing this specific ten thousand word essay because i did non complete an separate ten thousand word essay in the sealed(p) amount of clock i was given, over leave, that was assigned to me by my non commissioned officeholder.Unfortunately for the army, i am non the only one who has disfollowed his non commissioned officer in most way or an different(prenominal). many a(prenominal) privates, specialists and even non commissioned and commissioned officers puddle disobeyed their skipper officers in some way or another. their crack officers could have ignored this transgression, they efficiency have given them a non punitive punishment or they might ha ve even resorted to the Uniform Code of Military Justice.Thus messageing them to the appropriate punishments, such as clause 15, article 91, article 92, or even others that could be much more harmful or possibly less harmful to that privates, specialists, non commissioned officers or commissioned officers redeemroll, family, free time or even his acquaintance freedom by sending him to a federal prison, such as Fort Levinworth. Here is one such non punitive action, an essay that maintains the title Essay on Obeyeing a Lawful Order From An NCO, through with(p) by another, i believe to be, private This is a two hundred0 word essay on the importance of obeying a logical dress from an NCO.The reason for me to be writing this essay is because I disobeyed a direct baseb tout ensemble club from a senior NCO, I was told to move into the barracks by Sunday and I completely ignored this straddle and went along doing my own thing. It is extremely important to obey an NCO because if y ou feignt the consequences get out be severe in doing so you are violating article 91 and article 92. The succeeding(a) is the elements of article 91 (1) inter-group communication or assaulting warrant, noncommissioned, or little(a) officer. (a) That the criminate was a warrant officer or enlisted component (b) That the accused struck or assaulted a certain warrant, noncommissioned, or niggling fficer (c) That the striking or assault was affiliated while the victim was in the execution of office and (d) That the accused indeed knew that the soulfulness struck or assaulted was a warrant, noncommissioned, or lilliputian officer. Note If the victim was the first-class noncommissioned or lower-ranking officer of the accused, add the following elements (e) That the victim was the capital noncommissioned, or petty officer of the accused and (f) That the accused then knew that the person struck or assaulted was the accusers superior non-commissioned, or petty officer. 2) Disobeying a warrant, noncommissioned, or petty officer. (a) That the accused was a warrant officer or enlisted constituent (b) That the accused received a certain lawful social club from a certain warrant, noncommissioned, or petty officer (c) That the accused then knew that the person giving the hostel was a warrant, noncommissioned, or petty officer (d) That the accused had a duty to obey the show and (e) That the accused willfully disobeyed the separate. (3) Treating with contempt or being disrespectful in spoken language or deportment toward a warrant, non-commissioned, or petty officer. a) That the accused was a warrant officer or enlisted member (b) That the accused did or omitted certain acts, or used certain language (c) That such behavior or language was used toward and within sight or hearing of a certain warrant, noncommissioned, or petty officer (d) That the accused then knew that the person toward whom the behavior or language was directed was a warrant, noncommi ssioned, or petty officer (e) That the victim was then in the execution of office and (f) That land the stairs the circumstances the accused, by such behavior or language, treated with contempt or was disrespectful to said warrant, noncommissioned, or petty officer. Note If the victim was the superior noncommissioned, or petty officer of the accused, add the following elements (g) That the victim was the superior noncommissioned, or petty officer of the accused and (h) That the accused then knew that the person toward whom the behavior or language was directed was the accusers superior noncommissioned, or petty officer. The following is an account statement of article 91 (1) In commonplace.Article 91 has the same general objects with respect to warrant, noncommissioned, and petty officers as Articles 89 and 90 have with respect to commissioned officers, namely, to ensure obedience to their lawful orders, and to protect them from violence, insult, or disrespect. Unlike Articles 8 9, and 90, however, this article does not require a superior-subordinate relationship as an element of any of the offences denounced. This article does not protect an playacting noncommissioned officer or acting petty officer, nor does it protect military police or members of the bring patrol who are not warrant, noncommissioned, or petty officers. The Maximum punishment of article 91 is as follows. 1) large or assaulting warrant officer. unjust discharge, sacrifice of all pay and allowances, and labor for 5 years. (2) Striking or assaulting superior noncommissioned or petty officer. Dishonorable discharge, for-feature of all pay and allowances, and confinement for 3 years. (3) Striking or assaulting other noncommissioned or petty officer. Dishonorable discharge, forfeiture of all pay and allowances, and confinement for 1 year. (4) Willfully disobeying the lawful order of a warrant officer. Dishonorable discharge, forfeiture of all pay and allowances, and confinement for 2 yea rs. (5) Willfully disobeying the lawful order of a noncommissioned or petty officer.Bad-conduct discharge, forfeiture of all pay and allowances, and confinement for 1 year. (6) Contempt or disrespect to warrant officer. Bad-conduct discharge, forfeiture of all pay and allowances, and confinement for 9 months. (7) Contempt or disrespect to superior noncommissioned or petty officer. Bad-conduct discharge, forfeiture of all pay and allowances, and confinement for 6 months. (8) Contempt or disrespect to other noncommissioned or petty officer. Forfeiture of two-thirds pay per month for 3 months, and confinement for 3 months. The following is the elements of article 92 (1) Violation of or failure to obey a lawful general order or regulation. a) That there was in effect a certain lawful general order or regulation (b) That the accused had a duty to obey it and (c) That the accused violated or failed to obey the order or regulation. (2) Failure to obey other lawful order. (a) That a member of the build up repulses issued a certain lawful order (b) That the accused had knowledge of the order (c) That the accused had a duty to obey the order and (d) That the accused failed to obey the order. (3) Dereliction in the performance of duties. (a) That the accused had certain duties (b) That the accused knew or somewhat should have known of the duties and (c) That the accused was (willfully) (through neglect or blameworthy inefficiency) derelict in the performance of those duties.The explanation of article 92 is as follows. (1) Violation of or failure to obey a lawful general order or regulation. (a) General orders or regulations are those orders or regulations generally applicable to an armed force which are properly published by the President or the Secretary of Defense, of Transportation, or of a military department, and those orders or regulations generally applicable to the command of the officer issuing them throughout the command or a particular subdivision thereof which are issued by (I) an officer having general court-martial jurisdiction (ii) a general or flag officer in command or (iii) a commander superior to (I) or (ii). b) A general order or regulation issued by a commander with business office under Article 92(1) retains its character as a general order or regulation when another officer takes command, until it expires by its own terms or is rescinded by separate action, even if it is issued by an officer who is a general or flag officer in command and command is assumed by another officer who is not a general or flag officer. (c) A general order or regulation is lawful unless it is contrary to the Constitution, the laws of the United States, or lawful superior orders or for some other reason is beyond the authority of the official issuing it. See the discussion of lawfulness in paragraph 14a(2). (d) Knowledge.Knowledge of a general order or regulation need not be alleged or proved, as knowledge is not an element of this offensive ac tivity and a lack of knowledge does not constitute a defense. (e) Enforceability. Not all provisions in general orders or regulations sight be enforced under Article 92(1). Regulations which only supply general guide-lines or advice for conducting military functions whitethorn not be enforceable under Article 92(1). (2) Violation of or failure to obey other lawful order. (a) Scope. Article 92(2) includes all other lawful orders which may be issued by a member of the armed forces, violations of which are not chargeable under Article 90, 91, or 92(1). It includes the violation of written regulations which are not general regulations. See also subparagraph (1)(e) above as applicable. b) Knowledge. In order to be vicious of this offense, a person must have had actual knowledge of the order or regulation. Knowledge of the order may be proved by circumstantial evidence. (c) Duty to obey order. (I) From a superior. A member of one armed force who is senior in rank to a member of another armed force is the superior of that member with authority to issue orders which that member has a duty to obey under the same circumstances as a commissioned officer of one armed force is the superior commissioned officer of a member of an-other armed force for the purposes of Articles 89, and 90. See paragraph 13c (1). (ii) From one not a superior.Failure to obey the lawful order of one not a superior is an offense under Article 92(2), provided the accused had a duty to obey the order, such as one issued by a sentinel or a member of the armed forces police. See paragraph 15b(2) , if the order was issued by a warrant, noncommissioned, or petty officer in the execution of office. The maximum punishment of article 92 is as follows. (1) Violation or failure to obey lawful general order or regulation. Dishonorable discharge, forfeiture of all pay and allowances, and confinement for 2 years. (2) Violation of failure to obey other lawful order. Bad-conduct discharge, forfeiture of all pay and allowances, and confinement for 6 months.Note For (1) and (2), above, the punishment set forth does not apply in the following cases if in the absence of the order or regulation which was violated or not obeyed the accused would on the same facts be subject to conviction for another specific offense for which a lesser punishment is prescribed or if the violation or failure to obey is a breach of restraint imposed as a result of an order. In these instances, the maximum punishment is that specifically prescribed else wherefore that particular offense. (3) Dereliction in the performance of duties. (A) Through neglect or culpable inefficiency. Forfeiture of two-thirds pay per month for 3 months and confinement for 3 months. (B) Willful. Bad-conduct discharge, forfeiture of all pay and allowances, and confinement for 6 months.In knowing this I will be sure not to repeat this consequent I feel the biggest problem is myself I am still trying to adapt to the army livelihood and it i s getting a little easier as the days go by I really dont like being the jacked up soldier and I plan on changing and I plan on doing what I am told when Im told so I can distract getting caught up in something I cant get out of the only way I want out of the army is either with a honorable discharge or to do my time I understand that I signed a contract and raised my right hand and take shape an oath to my country to protect and serve no matter what the cost so I will do so by obeying all of the article to the best of my ability. I wish to pursue my regular army career to the maximum amount of time possible.I hope to do at least 20 years time in service but I will most likely catch in longer. This job makes me feel proud and I really do not want to stomach it. Now that I have gotten into trouble I fully understand the severity of obeying an order from the high ups I will do my best not to get myself into this predicament again because I would alternatively not lose what littl e rank I do have I can not afford to lose that because I am struggling now trying to help my father with his pecuniary situation and if I was to lose that Im not sure what I would do to make up that money that I would be losing as of right now E-2 base pay is 1458. 90 and E-1 pay is 1209. 0 that is a huge difference in pay that is more than a 200 dollar difference that I defiantly can not afford to lose so I will be sure to straighten out my act so I do not lose that money this will conclude my 2000 word essay. 1 1. Anyomous (thou still a private i believe) http//www. allfreeessays. com/essays/Essay-Importance-Obeying-Lawful-Order-Nco/2492. html And I and this particular private are not the only ones. Every day we stupid, ignorant, and down right dumb privates think it is ok to, in some way disobey a non commissioned officer or another superior officer. But more often then not we are caught and punished, such as a series of long and difficult exercises or worse, being subject to Un iform Code of Military Justice and the harmful articles it entails.