RPI Acceptance Rate, SAT/ACT Scores, GPA

Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute is a private research university with an acceptance rate of 43%. Located in Troy, New York, RPI has a 13-to-1  student/faculty ratio  and more of an undergraduate focus than many of the  top engineering schools. RPI can also boast of an 86%  six-year graduation rate. In athletics, RPI has a competitive Division I hockey team. Other popular sports include swimming, basketball, football, soccer, and track and field.   Considering applying to RPI? Here are the admissions statistics you should know, including average SAT/ACT scores and GPAs of admitted students. Acceptance Rate During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, RPI had an acceptance rate of 43%. This means that for every 100 students who applied, 43 students were admitted, making RPIs admissions process competitive. Admissions Statistics (2017-18) Number of Applicants 20,402 Percent Admitted 43% Percent Admitted Who Enrolled (Yield) 20% SAT Scores and Requirements RPI requires that all applicants submit either SAT or ACT scores. During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, 72% of admitted students submitted SAT scores. SAT Range (Admitted Students) Section 25th Percentile 75th Percentile ERW 640 720 Math 690 780 ERW=Evidence-Based Reading and Writing This admissions data tells us that most of RPIs admitted students fall within the top 20% nationally on the SAT. For the evidence-based reading and writing section, 50% of students admitted to RPI scored between 640 and 720, while 25% scored below 640 and 25% scored above 720. On the math section, 50% of admitted students scored between 690 and 780, while 25% scored below 690 and 25% scored above 780. Applicants with a composite SAT score of 1500 or higher will have particularly competitive chances at RPI. Requirements RPI does not require the SAT writing section for most applicants. Note that RPI participates in the scorechoice program, which means that the admissions office will consider your highest score from each individual section across all SAT test dates. At RPI, SAT Subject tests and the SAT (or ACT) writing section are required for applicants to the accelerated programs in law and medicine. ACT Scores and Requirements RPI requires that all applicants submit either SAT or ACT scores. During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, 28% of admitted students submitted ACT scores. ACT Range (Admitted Students) Section 25th Percentile 75th Percentile Composite 29 33 This admissions data tells us that most of RPIs admitted students fall within the top 9% nationally on the ACT. The middle 50% of students admitted to RPI received a composite ACT score between 29 and 33, while 25% scored above 33 and 25% scored below 29. Requirements Note that RPI does not superscore ACT results; your highest composite ACT score will be considered. RPI does not require the ACT writing section for most applicants. Regardless of whether you submit the ACT or SAT, SAT Subject tests and the ACT (or SAT) writing section are required for applicants to the accelerated programs in law and medicine. GPA In 2018, the average high school GPA of RPIs incoming freshmen class was 3.91, and 69% of students had GPAs of 3.75 or higher. These results suggest that most successful applicants to RPI have primarily A grades. Self-Reported GPA/SAT/ACT Graph RPI Applicants Self-Reported GPA/SAT/ACT Graph. Data courtesy of Cappex. The admissions data in the graph is self-reported by applicants to Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. GPAs are unweighted. Find out how you compare to accepted students, see the real-time graph, and calculate your chances of getting in  with a free Cappex account. Admissions Chances Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, which accepts well under half of applicants,  has selective admissions. However, RPI uses a  holistic admissions  process which is based on much more than numbers. A strong  application essay  and a glowing  letter of recommendation  can strengthen your application, as can participation in meaningful  extracurricular activities  and a  rigorous course schedule. Note that applicants to the Accelerated Law, Accelerated Medical, Architecture, Electronic Arts, Games and Simulation Arts and Sciences, and Music programs have additional essay and portfolio requirements. Students with particularly compelling stories or achievements can still receive serious consideration even if their test scores are outside RPIs average range. In the graph above, the blue and green dots represent accepted students. You can see that the majority of admitted students had high school GPAs of A- or higher, combined SAT scores of 1250 or higher, and ACT composite scores of 26 or better. Many applicants had impressive 4.0 GPAs, and, at RPI, strong math scores are particularly important. If You Like RPI, You May Also Like These Schools Rochester Institute of TechnologyMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyWorcester Polytechnic InstituteBoston UniversityCornell UniversitySyracuse UniversityBinghamton UniversityUniversity of RochesterTufts UniversityPennsylvania State UniversityCarnegie Mellon University All admissions data has been sourced from the National Center for Education Statistics and Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Undergraduate Admissions Office.

Recommendation Report on West Indies Yacht Club Resort

Purpose of the report The vacation industry in British Virgin Island (BVI) is developed into a profitable, but highly competitive market. One of the major players is the West Indies Yacht Club Resort (WIYCR), operates successfully since its inception in late 1980s. However, recently some problems became alarming, seriously affect the operating performance of the resort. Investigation is needed. I, Patrick Dowd, am honor to be the investigator. The purpose of this report is to discuss the problems in the resort, why they exist and the corresponding solutions. Problems in the resort WIYCR is troubled with internal problems that started to affect its normal operation. Expatriate turnover rate is nearly high enough to be†¦show more content†¦They are more caring, less aggressive, so they don ¡Ã‚ ¦t pay too much effort in working, pursing personal goals. They emphasizes on quality of life and leisure, differs greatly from the US ¡Ã‚ ¦s, which most expatriates come from. In addition, they are not willing to have additional workload by sacrificing time with family and friends. This is because they think working and with family cannot coexist. Therefore, generally they are lack of working motivation. Conclusion Because of the poor organizational structure and lack of understanding of the unique culture characters in BVI society, a lot of problems which I discussed above are created, but they can be solved. Recommendations Generally speaking, my recommendations focus on three main areas: developing effective management; building team spirit; and implementing effective performance evaluation. To build effective management, first we have to incorporate the existing management office in Chicago into the resort office in the site. By doing so, the resort will be more sensitive to the current market situation as the booking office is on the site. It can prevent over or under-booking to happen. Clear working instruction to local staff is also crucial to avoid any misunderstanding. The second area is building team spirit. Specifically, building trust between expatriates and local employee. Firstly, culture orientation courses should beShow MoreRelatedMarketing Mistakes and Successes175322 Words   |  702 Pageswhich formal issues and options can be debated for each case. New in some cases are Devil’s Advocate exercises in which students can argue against a proposed course of action to test its merits. A new pedagogical feature, based on a reviewer’s recommendation, appears at the end of the Analysis section: students are asked to make their own analysis, draw their own conclusions, and defend them, thereby having an opportunity to stretch themselves. In some cases where there is considerable updating

American Antislavery 1820-1860 free essay sample

Rather, the movement was fraught with ambiguity over who its leaders would be, how they would go about fighting the institution of slavery, and what the future would be like for black Americans. Some of the persisting goals of antislavery activism were legal emancipation, aid to runaway slaves through vigilance groups and the Underground Railroad, civil rights for freed blacks in the north, and education, suffrage, and economic advancement for African-Americans. Perhaps the most unifying ideal of the  anti-slavery movement  was that the racial basis forAmerican slavery  could be undermined by promoting Christian values, education and economic progress among free blacks to show that they were capable of succeeding as individuals in an integrated American society. Richard Allen, leader of the A. M. E. church, stated the case for black progress as an answer to the justifications of slaveholders: â€Å"if we are lazy and idol, the enemies of freedom plead it as a cause why we ought not to be free. In addition to the connection between abolition and economic and social progress, most abolitionists worked for the assurance of civil rights and legal protection for free blacks, who lived in an anomalous condition of â€Å"freedom† without citizenship and with constant threat of discrimination, violence, and abduction to be sold into slavery. There were some bitter conflicts over specific strategies. Though Garrison and most blacks favored immediate abolition, many whites continued to prefer or express willingness to settle for gradual emancipation. Violent resistance was at first rejected by many, again under the influence of Garrison, but David Walker’s appeal that violence should be used against slavery became more popular as blacks and abolitionists searched for an effective means of self-defense against mobs and pursuit of civil rights. Whether or not individuals worked within the political framework of the constitution to effect change again depended on allegiance to Garrison, and in general the early antislavery activists preferred moral arguments while later leaders were more willing to use political means. To what extent black abolitionists cooperated with and trusted white abolitionists varied, for though whites were essential to the movement, blacks often felt they needed to rely on their own race’s leadership, and so both black and integrated organizations formed. A few abolitionists supported the proposal of African or Haitian colonization by free blacks, but most viewed the colonization schemes as a way for whites to get rid of the â€Å"black problem† in the US rather than a viable alternative to gaining equal rights in the nation of their birth (since only a small minority of blacks in the US after the 1820s were African-born). Furthermore, colonization reinforced the notion that African-Americans would be better off somewhere else because they could never be integrated into American society as whites’ equals. Blacks saw similarities between Jackson’s Indian removal policy and federal funding for African colonization, and most determined to resist relocation. Settlement in Canada was not similarly viewed as running away from the struggle for equality at home because it not only provided safety, legal protection, and civil equality for black refugees but also harbored the founders of new abolitionist publications who strengthened the antislavery movement in the American North and Midwest. Leaders of the anti-slavery movement were well known for their publications and speeches, and many served the equally important but less public role of organizers or â€Å"conductors† on the Underground Railroad. The assortment of leaders included free blacks, like William Still in Philadelphia, radical whites, like William Lloyd Garrison, former slaves, like Frederick Douglass, and women of both races, such as Sojourner Truth and Harriet Beecher Stowe. Garrison’s anti-political, non-violent moral opposition to slavery was the largest sect of antislavery agitation for many years, but his unwillingness to work within the political system to reclaim the constitution and his allegiance to women’s rights were controversial positions that caused many, including Douglass, to split with Garrison eventually. Many whites who were identified with the antislavery cause, such as Stowe, did not extend their sympathies for enslaved blacks as far as supporting equal rights for freedmen. Though generally considered radicals, few leaders of the antislavery movement committed large-scale revolutionary or violent acts. Quiet small-scale acts of resistance termed â€Å"the Underground Railroad† gave way to more violent public resistance in the 1850s, particularly in â€Å"radical† centers like Boston, against the recapturing of fugitive slaves who lived as free blacks in the northern states. A later martyr for the cause of abolitionism, John Brown, was one of the few who were brave (or insensible) enough to direct violent action against the federal government with hopes to end slavery through militancy in his raid on Harper’s Ferry in 1859. Blacks and whites who rallied behind the unified cause of abolitionism did not always cooperate fully, sometimes because their goals differed, but often because blacks were wary of whites. As the Hortons summarize, â€Å"white reformers were more likely to accept a gradualist approach to anti-slavery, and blacks sometimes faced discrimination or subtle prejudice in integrated organizations† (Hortons 222). Racism of various forms existed among white antislavery reformers, who often felt that slavery was a moral wrong but nonetheless thought blacks inferior to whites or distasteful to associate with. Harriet Beecher Stowe notes this phenomenon in her creation of the character Miss Ophelia for Uncle Tom’s Cabin. Like many white northerners who object to the institution of slavery, Miss Ophelia sees the education and moral improvement of blacks as a Christian duty that whites owe to the race they have long enslaved, but does not see that the â€Å"spiritual equality† of blacks and whites implies social equality and is uncomfortable with physical contact with her black charge. In addition to direct racism, white reformers often harbored a more subtle condescension when they â€Å"credited their work with blacks as broadening their views and stimulating personal growth,† as if the movement was more about the moral development of white individuals through their acts of charity than about seeing justice enacted in fulfillment of the Constitution’s claim that all men are created equal (Horton 224). Despite these tensions and overwhelming white paternalism, whites â€Å"brought financial power, reformist zeal, and the respectability of heir color† to the movement and were â€Å"instrumental in opening higher education to African Americans on an equal basis† which bolstered the educated black leadership of the 1840s and 50s (Horton 236, 215). Many short-lived organizations, some comprised solely of blacks and others integrated, competed to some extent for support, and allied themselves with different causes. There were a few longer-la sting organizations, such as the American Anti-Slavery Society and the National Convention of the People of Color, and publications such as the Freedman’s Journal and the Colored American, that were highly influential. Discounting one convention’s endorsement of the Free Soil Party in 1848, the Liberty Party was the only political party that embraced an antislavery platform. Garrisonian opposition to recognizing the Constitution and working within the existing political system, termed â€Å"union with slaveholders,† detracted from potential early antislavery political organization, favoring moral arguments which proved largely ineffective for provoking large-scale change. Between the period of the 1820s through the eve of the civil war, and particularly during the 1850s, the antislavery movement grew in response to political developments and increasing sympathy to abolitionist propaganda. Federal victories for slavery such as the expansion of slavery in the west, the Fugitive slave law of 1850, and the Dred Scott decision of 1857 threatened blacks and white northerners alike as they represented the power of the slaveholding south to influence federal policy. In nine Northern states, where twenty years before towns had passed regulations against integrated schools and where racism persisted to some extent, Personal Liberty Laws passed which essentially nullified the federal Fugitive Slave Law, evincing that states’ rights to reject complicity with slavery was more widely supported than black equality. Uncle Tom’s Cabin, slave narratives, and other popular publications aroused many white northerners’ sympathies. The alliances forged between antislavery agitation and other political and social reform movements garnered support for the anti-slavery cause among moderates. Over time, as hopes of gradual emancipation and an end to racism soured in light of the political and social realities, many shifted from adherence to Garrisonian apolitical non-violence to a widespread sentiment, especially among blacks, in favor of David Walker’s appeal for the use of violence in defense and in opposition to slavery. Resistance to enforcement of the Fugitive Slave Law included groups rescuing blacks from jails, like the case of Shadrach in Boston in 1852. Whites and blacks alike worked for black suffrage, and the blacks who cast votes in the 1860 presidential election overwhelmingly voted for the Republican candidate Lincoln, a departure from the call for Garrisonian disunion by blacks like Charles Lenox Remond. Blacks in the North formed militias, including Boston’s Massasoit Guard, without state governmental sanction. On the eve of the Civil War, blacks were ready to engage in a federal struggle for freedom, a new revolution that would grant them the equality promised to all men in the Constitution that was now nearly a century old. The decades leading up to the south’s secession had taught blacks that patience and diligence in educating themselves and working to acquire land and social status was far from achieving the end of slavery or earning them equal citizenship. White northerners who were not necessarily proponents of black civil rights often supported the antislavery cause in order to counter the seeming growing influence of Southern slave power. Secession lit the fuel of 40 years of antislavery agitation and began a war that some would say was waged for union, but most blacks and many whites insisted that the coming war would be the final struggle for universal freedom.

Business Expansion of Nevada Ltd in Brazil †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Expansion of Nevada Ltd in Brazil. Answer: Introduction Business expansion is a very critical decision of any business and is undertaken after considering a lot of different factors. Expanding within the nation is still easy in comparison to expanding in a different nation, of which the company is not aware. This is particularly with regards to the details and the real time problems which can be faced in such different nation (Grnig and Morschett, 2017). So, before setting up a permanent branch in a different nation, the businesses often opt for setting up a temporary base in the target market. And in this context, there are three different options which would be concentrated upon in this discussion, i.e., agent, distributor and joint venture (Schlegelmilch, 2016). This analysis is being conducted for Nevada Ltd (a fictional company), which has a business of making chocolates and is presently located in France. The target market of the company is Brazil, which is located in Central America. The reason for targeting Brazil is that the company can set up base in Brazil in long term for getting the Brazilian chocolates which is gaining demand in international market (Vishnefske, 2017). For this expansion strategy, the three options available before the company have been analysed. Selection of Best Option: Agency The first option available with the company is to go for an agency as a mode of expanding in Brazil. In this regard, they would have to hire an agent in Brazil, or a higher number of agents, who would be selling the products of the company in Brazil. An agent would have to be hired from Brazil, who would work as per the instructions of Nevada Ltd and would work as per the authority given to him. For this work, the agent would be trained by the company and would also be given a commission for the work undertaken (Boundy, 2016). There are different advantages and disadvantages of opting for an agent. The biggest advantage of going for agent as the option is that the ownership of goods remains in the hands of the principal. So, the name of the principal is continued even when the product is sold elsewhere. Also, the principal can train the staff as per their needs and train them accordingly. The agents are paid commission, which does not prove to be a burden on the price of the product (Nguyen, 2007). The principal is also able to control the sale activities and the sales network development can be undertaken by the principal which gives them control over the entire process. Another major advantage of agency is that it helps in saving costs and money for the company as the feasibility of a project can be analysed on the basis of establishing agency in a foreign nation. Lastly, it brings special skill set of the agents and also the knowledge of the local markets (Noonan, 2010). An agent is a person who acts for the principal and on the basis of the authority given by the principal. In this lies the biggest disadvantage of agency, where the principal gets the liability which is raised from the work done by the agent (Morse, 2010). This can even take place when the agent works out of the authority given to him. This happens in cases of apparent authority, or in cases of implied authority. In implied authority, as the name suggests, the agent is implied to have the authority to conduct a particular task to the third party (Cahn and Donald, 2010). In ostensible or apparent authority, the agent apparently holds the requisite authority to undertake a particular task. As a third party cannot know for certain if an agent does not have the requisite authority and is shown to have the relevant authority, the principal is made liable for the acts undertaken by the agents, even when the same are beyond the express authority given to such agents (O'kelley and Thompson, 2017). The agency form is not feasible for Nevada Ltd because the company does not have much knowledge of the markets of Brazil and selecting the best agent is also a critical decision. The agent would not be able to find sources for the company, particularly for the availability of Brazilian chocolates and would also bring high liabilities for the company. Distributor Another option available with the company is to go for a distributor. A distributor is a person who is hired by the individuals and such person purchases the goods from one person and sells it in the name of his own to others. Thus, the brand name of the individuals is lost. The distributor sells the products to his customers and the person from whom he acquires the goods only gets the position of a manufacturer (Mullet, 2017). As was the case with agents, distributors also have a number of advantages and disadvantages. The key advantages of this form are that the acceptance of the product offered by the company can be attained by the consumers without having to keep the name of the company on line. This allows the company to adopt with different products and then bringing forwarded the best product in their own name (Murphy Marketing, 2016). Also, the companies have greater liberty as they do not have to keep an eye on each and every aspect of the sale, as is to be done in case of agent. The distributor can offer different services like after sale services which makes this form more attractive to the consumers. Also, for the acts of distributor, the principal cannot be made liable as they sell the product under their own name, thus making them liable to the general public (Alliance Expert, 2017). However, this form has more disadvantages in comparison to its advantages. The ownership of the products is lost by the manufacturer as the distributor sells the product on their own name. The distributor has to be paid a separate amount which is added to the costs of the product, making it costlier. And in order to keep the price of the product as the same, the company has to absorb this additional cost, thus decreasing their profits (Scotter, 2017). The identity of the company is lost as the products are not sold under their name; and they lose the entire control as they can neither train the employees of the distributor nor can they ask them to act in a particular manner. Most importantly, a distributor often sells different products which are acquired from different parties. This means that the focus of the distributor is always distributed and so, the company loses when the distributor is not focused on their product (Salzano, 2014). This form is also not suitable for Nevada Ltd as adoption of distributor would mean that the company losses out their personality and their name, in addition to the control over the product and its selling process. Joint Venture The last option available before the company is to opt for a joint venture. A joint venture is the union formed between two or more companies or business entities, in order to carry out a particular task, which is time based. In a joint venture, the parties share ownership, risks, and profits/ losses on the basis of the percentage covered under the joint venture agreement. Also, the venture comes to an end upon the completion of the purpose for which it was drawn. So, it allows the skills and resources of certain entities to be clubbed for temporary period and for certain objectives (Killing, 2012). The key advantage of a joint venture form of structure is the wide resource pool. The business entities are able to contribute different skill set between the people. In this regard, the finances, the ability to obtain debt, the goodwill, the people and the numerous other resources are used in a combined manner to attain the objective of the joint venture (Yeniyurt and Carnovale, 2017). This often allows an easy access in new markets, particularly when the case of emerging markets is involved. It also helps in saving costs for the companies as they are able to operate in a new market without having to incur high costs of establishing a permanent based in such new market (Morschett, Schramm-Klein and Zentes, 2011). Joint venture form also has different limitation which often makes this as an unlikely option for expansion of business. The prime one in this regard is the burden on one party of the entire venture. Often it happens that one party is left to contribute the resources and even to run the operations of the joint venture due to the lack of proper commitment of the other party of the joint venture (Campbell and Netzer, 2009). This not only results in disputes being caused but also results in the purpose of the joint venture not being attained. Apart from this, often the joint ventures are coupled with exclusive agreements, which restrict the parties of joint venture from forming new relations, even when the same prove more cost effective and favourable than the present venture (Wolf, 2011). In the case of Nevada Ltd, the best option before the company is to start a joint venture with a company of Brazil. This company should be one which has access to Brazilian chocolates. This would help the company in getting product from Brazil and than making them on their own as per the needs of the clients. So, the contribution of the other company would be in terms of the product and the manufacturer of this raw material would be done by Nevada Ltd. Terms of Joint Venture As joint venture came out as the best possible option for Nevada Ltd, the managing director of the company negotiated with the XYZ Incorporated which has the business of procuring Brazilian chocolates and selling it to others. This joint venture would enable the company in accessing the best product from Brazil and also in establishing a permanent branch in the nation on long term basis. However, before a joint venture agreement is formed, it is crucial to note that certain crucial elements have to be present in this agreement in order for the joint venture to be successful and one which is free from ambiguities and possible disputes as a result of it (Morais, 2014). Some of such key terms which have to be included in the joint venture agreement have been stated here. The first item from which a joint venture agreement begins is the details of the parties, the name of the venture, the registered office, and other basic details, which can help in identification of the joint venture (American Bar, 2017). The purpose for which the venture is being formed has to be clearly stated. The scope of the venture also has to be stated in terms of the activities to be done, the intellectual property or the technology to be used or transferred (American Bar, 2017). The next element is to state the applicablelaw under which the joint venture is being formed, the applicablelaws on the venture, thelaws which have to be applied during the winding up process of the venture and the laws which would apply if a dispute is raised in the venture (American Bar, 2017). The joint venture agreement needs to necessarily have a dispute resolution head which would guide the parties in such situations which a dispute is raised. This term helps in preparing the parties of the venture and in guiding them on the actions to be undertaken in case of a dispute. So, the agreement can provide if the parties have to go for arbitration to resolve their dispute and only after arbitration proves unsuccessful can a claim be made in a particular note. The detailing of the court is necessary to remove ambiguity with regards to where a claim can be filed for resolving a dispute raised under the formed venture (American Bar, 2017). The contributions, the rights, the profit sharing and the other such details have to be properly covered under the joint venture. This would allow each party to know their rights and obligations under the venture (American Bar, 2017). So, for instance in the case of Nevada, the venture would have to clearly provide that XYZ Incorporated would be giving the raw material of Brazilian chocolate, its quality, quantity and time period, to Nevada Ltd which would than transform it as per the needs of its clients. There is a need for the venture to provide what the structure of the board would be, the intervals of meetings of board and other relevant bodies, the governance details and the details of the key personnel of the venture (Saracens Solicitors, 2015). A very important term in any joint venture is the exit strategy and the end of the venture. The agreement has to clearly provide how the joint venture would end, the profit or loss sharing at its end, the manner in which the joint venture would be analysed, evaluated and valued at its end and also the manner in which a party of the venture could exit from the venture before the objective for which the joint venture was formed is concluded (Saracens Solicitors, 2015). The applicable tax regimes on the venture, including both direct and indirect taxation has to be clearly stated, apart from the relevant international taxation as applicable on the joint venture (Saracens Solicitors, 2015). Confidentiality agreement is a key part of joint venture agreements and this has to be included in the agreement being drawn so that none of the joint venture entities go to another party. This also helps the parties in restricting from disclosing the key terms of the venture or of the other entity which they learned from the formation of the joint venture formed herewith (Saracens Solicitors, 2015). The budget of the joint venture also has to form a part of the joint venture agreement to give a clear break-up of the costs of the joint venture and the required finances for undertaking this venture. This also helps in projecting the profits and losses of the joint venture proposed to be undertaken (Saracens Solicitors, 2015). Conclusion The previous parts of this report undertook a discussion on the various options which are available before Nevada Ltd for expanding its business in Brazil. The analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of agent, distributor and joint venture led to the conclusion being formed that as per the needs of the company, the best option for the company is to form a joint venture with a company of Brazil. In this regard, after carrying on the discussion with an entity of Brazil, which procures Brazilian chocolates and sells them, the company should opt for forming a joint venture with this company. This would help Nevada Ltd in making chocolates from the Brazilian chocolates supplied by XYZ Incorporated and also keeping its own image in the international market, which would not be possible in distributor model. The agency model has high liabilities, which again would prove disadvantageous for Nevada. Hence, the company should go ahead and form a venture with XYZ Incorporated for which it w ould have to form a joint venture agreement. And this report aptly highlights the different terms which have to be included in this agreement based on the needs of Nevada Ltd. References Alliance Expert. (2017) What is a franchise, distributorship or agency arrangement?. [Online] Alliance Expert. Available from: https://www.allianceexperts.com/en/knowledge/difference-between-an-agent-distributor-and-franchisor/ [Accessed on: 09/11/17] American Bar. (2017) Model Joint Venture Agreement. [Online] American Bar. Available from: https://apps.americanbar.org/buslaw/newsletter/0049/materials/book.pdf [Accessed on: 09/11/17] Boundy, C. (2016) Business Contracts Handbook. Oxon: Routledge. Cahn, A., and Donald, D.C. (2010) Comparative Company Law: Text and Cases on the Laws Governing Corporations in Germany, the UK and the USA. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Campbell, D., and Netzer, A. (2009) International Joint Ventures. The Netherlands: Kluwer Law International. Grnig, R., and Morschett, D. (2017). Developing International Strategies. Berlin: Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Killing, P. (2012)Strategies for joint venture success (RLE international business)(Vol. 22). Oxon: Routledge. Morais, L. (2014) Joint Ventures and EU Competition Law. Portland: Hart Publishing. Morschett, D., Schramm-Klein, H., and Zentes, J. (2011) Strategic International Management: Text and Cases. 2nd ed. The Netherlands: Gabler Verlag. Morse, G. (2010) Partnership Law. 7th ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Murphy Marketing. (2016) Differences Between Agents and Distributors. [Online] Murphy Marketing. Available from: https://www.murphymarketing.ie/differences-between-agents-and-distributors/ [Accessed on: 09/11/17] Nguyen, N.T. (2007) Agent and Multi-Agent Systems: Technologies and Applications. Poland: Springer Science Business Media. Noonan, C. (2016) Sales Management. Oxford: Butterworth Heinemann. O'kelley, C. R., and Thompson, R. B. (2017)Corporations and other business associations: cases and materials. The Netherlands: Wolters Kluwer Law Business. Salzano, L. (2014) 4 key differences between trade agents and distributors. [Online] TRSM. Available from: https://therightsocialmedia.novertur.com/international-trade-2/4-key-differences-trade-agents-and-distributors/ [Accessed on: 09/11/17] Saracens Solicitors. (2015) All You Need To Know About Joint Venture Agreements. [Online] Saracens Solicitors. Available from: https://saracenssolicitors.co.uk/commercial/all-you-need-to-know-about-joint-venture-agreements [Accessed on: 09/11/17] Schlegelmilch, B. B. (2016) Global Marketing Strategy. London: Springer International Publishing. Scotter, L. (2017) Sales Agent Vs. Distributor. [Online] Chron. Available from: https://work.chron.com/sales-agent-vs-distributor-19944.html [Accessed on: 09/11/17] Vishnefske, J. (2017) Brazilian Chocolate. [Online] Santa Barbara Chocolate. Available from: https://www.santabarbarachocolate.com/blog/brazilian-chocolate/ [Accessed on: 09/11/17] Wolf, R.C. (2011) The Complete Guide to International Joint Ventures with Sample Clauses and Contracts. 3rd ed. The Netherlands: Kluwer Law International. Yeniyurt, S., and Carnovale, S. (2017) Global supply network embeddedness and power: An analysis of international joint venture formations.International Business Review,26(2), 203-213.

Short Report GIS Data Organization. Chapter Summary

Data management is an important part of GIS operation. However, there is a major difference between information in general and GIS data organization in particular. Fazal offers an overview of data and its use in GIS in a chapter of his book GIS basics.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Short Report: GIS Data Organization. Chapter Summary specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Although information and data are usually referred to as synonyms, in GIS perspective, there is a huge difference between the two. Despite the fact that in GIS, these two notions are admittedly related, they are still technically not the same. In the specified chapter of his book, Fazal explains that data is the source material, whereas information is the result of data analysis. Data can exist as a linguistic, symbolic, or mathematical expression, and even a signal. Information, however, exists only in the form of a message delivered to a recipien t from a sender. At some point, Fazal states in a straightforward fashion that â€Å"data are facts† (Fazal, 2008, p. 100). In other words, the concept of â€Å"data† embraces all elements known as facts, which can be stored in a database, such as images, programs, rules, etc. Hence the function of an information system is defined – the latter is supposed to convert data into information through conversion, organization, structuring and modeling. Apart from the difference between data and information, there is a huge gap between geographic data and data in general. Geographic data concerns solely providing characteristics for features and resources of the Erath. A geographical reference is another important feature of geographic data – as a rule, latitude and longitude are available to the recipient of the geographic information instantly. In addition, geographical data is supposed to be used for solving geography related problems. Containing both a descr iptive (non-spatial) and a graphical (spatial) element, geographic data provides a three-dimensional view of the current state of the Earth, as well as major geographical issues and dilemmas. Among the issues that GIS data can help solve, a reasonable use of exhaustible resources and the means to restore renewable ones are the priority. When dealing with the use of GIS data, one must keep in mind that it has three dimensions: a temporal, a thematic and a spatial one. Temporal data concern time related information, thematic data concerns a particular problem, and spatial data allow locating the affected areas.Advertising Looking for report on geography? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The difference between the spatial and non-spatial data is also to be kept in mind. Spatial data characterizes a particular area or object within this area by denoting its â€Å"location, shape, size, and orientation† (Fazal, 2008, p. 100). Non-spatial data concerns the information that is unrelated to geometric considerations. It is typical to refer to the elements of a non-spatial, or descriptive, data as a â€Å"data item† (Fazal, 2008, p. 86). The organization of data items is rather specific and can be viewed from four major perspectives. The first one is a Data Perspective Information Organization (DPIO); the second one is called a Relationship Perspective of Information Organization (RPIO) and describes the logical links between objects. The third one is the Operating System Perspective of Information Organization (OSPIO) and describes the link between directories. The fourth and the last one, the Application Architecture Perspective of Information Organization (AAPIO) describes the link between the client and the server. In particular, the DP links descriptive and graphical elements. The two have different requirements concerning data storage and organization, and DPIO helps create the environment for p reserving each. Descriptive data, or a data item, is considered the basic unit of information organization. Forming a record, a set of data items is collected into a data file with a unique file name (text file or ASCII file). A numeric data file is called a binary file. These files may form a one-dimensional (vector) or two-dimensional (matrix) array. If the data are arranged in columns and rows, the file is called â€Å"a table† (Fazal, 2008, p. 88). If the data is structured in a complex system with branches, the file is called â€Å"a tree† (Fazal, 2008, p. 88), with â€Å"leaves† and â€Å"nodes.† As a rule, â€Å"leaves† are larger in value than â€Å"heaps;† otherwise, the binary tree is called â€Å"a heap.† The heap sort algorithm sorts data from columns to heaps. Since recently, a database approach is associated with computing. The RPIO method classifies the data with the help of the scale of measurement. The latter is split into four grades, which are nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio. A nominal level is usually textual, and an ordinal one is numerical. An interval level is a list of numerical data linked to an arbitrary datum, and a ratio level is a list of numerical data linked to an absolute datum. Thus, in the RPIO system, the categories are rather broad. It is usually hard to include spatial relationships into the data set. However, it is possible with sufficient storage space.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Short Report: GIS Data Organization. Chapter Summary specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The above-mentioned means of information organization might seem rather clear and relatively easy to utilize. However, without knowing the difference between a data file and a database, one might find the descriptions of the four types of information management quite confusing. Therefore, the line between the two concepts must be d rawn. Fazal stresses that there are three basic differences between a data file and a database. A data file traditionally includes a collection of the same or similar data records and description, while a database includes interrelated records with possibly different data and descriptions. More importantly, a database may include several data files, though it does not necessarily have more than one. The processing procedure is another important distinction between a database and a data file. Fazal shows that data file processing is usually related to programming and computing, whereas database processing is always related to a database management system. Finally, a data file is used for spontaneous information check, acquisition, or analysis, while a database is traditionally used on a regular basis. As a relatively more complicated concept than a data file, a database deserves a closer consideration. Fazal explains that database models are the means to organize databases and define s four key types of these models: relational, network, hierarchical and object-oriented ones. Relational data are represented in a manner resembling a table; network data are introduced as a set of records organized according to their types; hierarchical data are listed in accordance with a parent-child principle and based on one-to-many relations; object oriented data are classified in accordance with unique characteristics of the objects included into the data set. The spatial, or graphical, data is also often referred to as the graphical data. Graphical data are split into basic graphical elements. Traditionally, three major graphic elements are distinguished; these are a point, a line, or an arc, and a polygon, or an area. From a dimensional perspective, a point is equal to zero (0), a line is equal to one (1) and an area is equal to two (2). The three elements in question depend on each other: areas consist of lines, lines consist of points, and points, in their turn, are defin ed by coordinates (latitude and longitude).Advertising Looking for report on geography? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The use of the above-mentioned elements in GIS to represent geographic characteristics of a particular region is usually referred to as a vector method (a vector data model). A vector method requires that the spatial component of a geographical database should be used in order to characterize a particular area. Because of its focus on the features of a physical object, the given type of data representation is defined as a method based on the â€Å"object view of the real world† (Fazal, 2008, p. 92). The positioning of a specific database element as an object represented the way in which it is viewed in the real world is not the only method adopted in the GIS system. Before defining the levels of data abstraction, one should set the concepts of data model and database model should be defined. A data model includes all raster and vector methods of reality representation, whereas a database model is a software implementation of a data model (Fazal, 2008, mp. 93). The highest lev el of data abstraction is denoted as a data structure. Several levels of a data structure (DS) are traditionally distinguished. A descriptive DS shows how non-spatial data was designed and used. A descriptive data structure exists either in the form of a relational DS, or in the form of an object-orientational data structure. A graphical DS may exist as a vector or a raster DS. The latter is represented by such subcategories as â€Å"irregular tessellation (e.g., triangulated irregular network (TIN)), hierarchical tessellation (e.g., quad tree) and scan-line† (Fazal, 2008, p. 94). A vector DS can be implemented as a spaghetti DS, a hierarchical DS, etc. The third type, a georelational data, is supposed to represent geographical information. The existing spatial data (point, line (arc) and polygon (area)) is characterized by two types of spatial relationships (proximal and topological). The OSPIO is linked directly to computing. Unlike in DPIO or RPIO, in OSPIO, directories ar e the primary method of information organization. Directories are also known as folders, which help organize data in a hierarchy – there is a root (topmost) directory in a computer, a sub-directory (the one below the topmost directory), and a parent directory (the one above a sub-directory). A directory structure was created for bookkeeping purposes and has a unique name assigned to it once a directory is created. The concept of workspace is used along with the notion of directory and is defined as a directory which the files of a specific project belong to. AAPIO, in contrast to DPIO or RPIO and OSPIO, is based on client–server relations. Like OSPIO, AAPIO is usually associated with computer databases and hinges on the data management processes in a particular computer or a telecommunication network. A client is a process that requires services, while the server is the one that facilitates them. The client–server architecture works in many ways, yet file server s, database servers, transaction servers, web servers and groupware servers are the most popular ones. With file servers, information is requested from a particular file; with database servers, a structured query language (SQL) request is sent from the client to the server; with transaction servers, a server transaction must be carried out to acquire information; with web servers, Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is used as the primary means of communication between the client and the server. Finally, groupware servers are based on the interface, which facilitates communication and information sharing between users (clients). A pure client–server setting provides an immediate access to remote data sources and a subsequent transfer of the retrieved documents to the client. The data structure demands that information should be sorted according to the frequency of its usage. Data that is supposed to be utilized for specific purposes and data that is used on a regular basis sho uld be stored in different databases with different security levels. The choice of a database depends on the type of data. To be more exact, it is necessary to determine whether the data in question is spatial or not. Fazal claims that spatial data are â€Å"multi-dimensional and auto-correlated† (Fazal, 2008, p. 100), while non-spatial data are â€Å"one-dimensional and independent† (Fazal, 2008, p. 100). For spatial data, order is crucial; therefore, the traditional type of databases cannot be used to locate geographical data. With the invention of new types of databases, new means of coordinating them appeared, though. The current DBMS (database management systems) provide two solutions for data arrangement in GIS: 1) providing the user the ability to access all data through DBMS (â€Å"total DBMS solution†); 2) leaving a direct access to some of the data that is inaccessible otherwise (â€Å"mixed solution†). A repository is viewed as an alternative s olution for the problem of data storage. The functions of a repository are restricted by adding data, retrieving it, and deleting it from the system. In some cases, the data added previously can be changed. However, in most cases, changing data in a repository is prohibited for security reasons. Speaking of DMBSs, a user can navigate them by using commands in different languages, such as a data definition language (DDL), a data manipulation language (DML), a query, and a query language. DMBSs have three levels of abstraction, unlike data itself; these levels are known as a physical level (database implementation), a conceptual level (expression of the model of the real world), and a view (a user group portion of a database (Fazal, 2008, p. 103)). In order to structure data appropriately and define the relationship between its elements, data modeling is used. Traditionally, conceptual, logical and physical data modeling is distinguished. In the course of data modeling, a mathematical formalism known as a data model emerges. A data model is composed of a notation for data description and a range of operations for data manipulation. Process modeling is also mentioned among the data modeling types. The given concept, however, is process-oriented and cannot technically be associated with the three data-oriented processes above. Data storage is a relatively hard task that needs to be approached with due responsibility. Knowing the basics of GIS information management, one can use it to the full potential. Therefore, Fazal’s Spatial data structure and models is a crucial piece of information that helps understand the GIS principles better. Reference Fazal, S. (2008). Spatial data structure and models. In S. Fazal (Ed.), GIS basics. New Delhi, IN: New Age Publications. This report on Short Report: GIS Data Organization. Chapter Summary was written and submitted by user Larry Riddle to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Job Description

Job Description Introduction Formulation of a job description requires a proper job analysis. This entails identification of the tasks to be performed by employees (Clark 2013, pp. 5-7). It also involves classification of the skills required to perform a given task (Clark 2013, pp. 5-7). This paper examines two job descriptions and the skills required in each of them.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Job Description specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Purchasing Agent Job Description Job Duties The purchasing agent will be required to perform the following functions. First, he or she will be required to procure equipment and office furniture. The agent will ensure that the company’s procurement rules are followed systematically during the procurement process (Edwards 2013, pp. 23-25). Second, the agent will be required to negotiate for better prices during the purchase of various goods and services. Third, the agent will adv ise the management on the challenges that can affect procurement activities (Edwards 2013, p. 25). Thus, he or she will be required to prepare daily procurement reports. Fourth, the agent will be expected to sort and file documents. Finally, the purchasing agent will investigate and solve problems associated with the procurement process. This will entail collecting and analyzing information about market trends (Edwards 2013, p. 30). Experience and Skills Required An applicant for this position must have at least five years experience in procurement or supply chain management. Therefore, the agent must have a comprehensive understanding of procurement policies and procedures (Edwards 2013, p. 26). He or she must have basic computer and accounting skills. The applicant should be able to prioritize tasks, work in a busy environment, and meet set deadlines. The agent must also have excellent documentation, communication, and negotiation skills. Finally, the agent will be required to adh ere to the highest level of professionalism (Edwards 2013, p. 26). Education Background The position requires a person with a university degree in supply chain management or procurement. However, individuals with a diploma qualification will be considered if they have at least seven years experience.Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More General Manager Job Description Job Duties The general manager will be required to perform the following duties. First, the manager will provide leadership and forecast the company’s performance goals (Sloma 2012, p. 14). Therefore, he or she will be required to develop a new strategic plan to facilitate growth and maximize profits. Second, the general manager will be required to evaluate the performance of the company periodically (Sloma 2012, p. 14). Third, the general manager will recommend measures to improve the performa nce of the company (Sloma 2012, p. 15). In this case, he or she will be expected to inform the board of directors about the performance of the company. Fourth, he or she will be responsible for building the image of the company (Sloma 2012, p. 17). Finally, the general manager will be required to attend management-training workshops regularly. Experience and Skills Required An applicant for this position must have the following skills and experience. He or she must have served in a senior management position for at least four years. The candidate must have superior skills in strategic planning and management (Sloma 2012, p. 15). He or she must have good communication and coordination skills. The candidate must also possess proficient computer skills (Sloma 2012, p. 16). In addition, the applicant should be able to improve the company’s performance. Education Background An applicant for this position must have a postgraduate degree in business administration or any social scie nce. The company will also consider applicants who are currently pursuing postgraduate studies and have four years experience in management. Personal Skills Match for the General Manager Position My skills and academic credentials are relevant to the aforementioned job description. For instance, between 2009 and 2013, I served as a general manager in an oil company in my hometown. Therefore, I have four years experience in management. I prepared and reviewed the company’s short-term and medium-term plans. Thus, I possess good planning skills that will enable me to develop a strategic plan. Additionally, I was in charge of organizing in-service training programs for employees. The training programs were meant to equip employees with new skills and to sensitize them on the emerging issues in the oil industry.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Job Description specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Through regular t raining programs, I managed to improve the performance of many employees. This led to an overall improvement in the performance of the company. Currently, I am pursuing a postgraduate degree in strategic management. Justification for Selecting the General Manager Position I have selected this position because of the following reasons. First, I have relevant academic qualification. For example, the position requires a person who is currently enrolled in a postgraduate degree program. Second, I have good mentoring skills in business administration. Moreover, I have enough experience in management. Conclusion The discussion in the foregoing paragraphs has revealed that a job description is very important. It enables a company to recruit qualified employees by developing clear job requirements. Thus, companies should always develop job descriptions for their employees to improve their performance. References Clark, M 2013, The Job Description Handbook, Bang Printing, New York. Edwards, M 2013, Recruiting and Hiring Advice, Eagle Publishers, London. Sloma, R 2012, No-Nonsense Management, A General Managers Primer, Beard Publishers, London.

THE ART OF THE ISLAMIC BOOK, 12501600-- Article Review Essay

THE ART OF THE ISLAMIC BOOK, 12501600-- Article Review - Essay Example Roxburgh stressed that â€Å"what Lentz and Lowry’s study could not do, on account of various constraints, was pursue a micrology process, but what was neither their stated brief nor their aim†¦ One of the general observations that they do offer about features of drawings is that in the hundreds of drawings contained in the Baysunghur album in particular, we see the progression toward a visual typology.† ( 47) In light of these, the author distinguished his work as based on a visual analysis of hundreds of drawings and what can be deduced from it. However, he stressed that they were not supported by current scientific imaging techniques because, as stated, non-destructive testing methods are so rudimentary and that non-invasive methods of physical analysis are also not readily available. Roxburgh’s argument is that much can be accomplished outside the laboratory using the eye alone. In the course of the author’s analysis of the Persian drawings, he focused on three salient factors: the materials and methods used by artists in the process of design, the draftsman’s repertoire of mark making, and the methods employed by artists in the production of compositions for manuscript paintings. Roxburgh’s findings give us interesting insights. To start with, according to him, despite evidence that drawings were regarded as a fragile and dispensable detritus, as a processual compost, the mountain of evidence preserved in albums is powerful proof that drawings had a creative currency and at some point came to be valued for their own sake. (44) He also stressed that the conceptual and practical links between writing and drawing must have been palpable even if a written statement to that effect would not be expressed until the early years of sixteenth century. Roxburgh noted that the absence of a corpus of drawings that can be linked directly to a finished object, a fact that precludes